Respiratory System

Question 1

respiratory system allows

Answer 1

exchange of air with the environment; get oxygen and to release carbon dioxide

Question 2

inhalation

Answer 2

brining air into the body

Question 3

diaphragm

Answer 3

contracts and increases vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity; creates vacuum and draws air into lungs

Question 4

exhalation

Answer 4

breathing out

Question 5

exhalation diaphragm

Answer 5

relaxes; decreases dimensions of thoracic cavity and increase pressure inside of thoracic cavity pushing air out

Question 6

muscles involved

Answer 6

intercostals (internal and external)

Question 7

internal intercostals

Answer 7

responsible for exhalation

Question 8

external intercostals

Answer 8

responsible for inhalation

Question 9

gas exchange in the

Answer 9

alveoli

Question 10

upper respiratory tract

Answer 10

nose to pharynx

Question 11

lower respiratory tract

Answer 11

larynx/trachea to lungs

Question 12

anatomically divided into

Answer 12

upper and lower respiratory tract

Question 13

functionally divided into

Answer 13

conducting and respiratory portion

Question 14

conducting portion

Answer 14

where air transport occurs

Question 15

conducting portion includes

Answer 15

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 16

purpose of conducting portion

Answer 16

filters, warms, humidifies air on its way to the lungs

Question 17

respiratory portion

Answer 17

where gas exchange occurs

Question 18

respiratory portion includes

Answer 18

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Question 19

purpose of respiratory portion

Answer 19

site where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange with blood

Question 20

alveoli are responsible for what percent of gas exchange?

Answer 20

90%

Question 21

visceral pleura

Answer 21

on the surface of the lung

Question 22

parietal pleura

Answer 22

lining inner thoracic wals

Question 23

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 23

breathing; process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration and expiration

Question 24

air flows into the lungs because of

Answer 24

pressure differences between atmosphere and gases inside lungs

Question 25

gas exchange types

Answer 25

external and internal respiration

Question 26

external respiration

Answer 26

exchanges gasses between atmosphere and blood (occurs in lungs)

Question 27

internal respiration

Answer 27

exchanges gasses between blood and body's cells (occurs throughout tissues of body where blood is traveling)

Question 28

gas conditioning

Answer 28

warming, humidifying and cleaning air

Question 29

sound production

Answer 29

larynx crucial for speech and singing

Question 30

olfaction

Answer 30

sense of smell

Question 31

defense

Answer 31

protection against airborne pathogens

Question 32

respiratory system functions

Answer 32

pulmonary respiration, gas exchange, gas conditioning, sound production, olfaction, defense

Question 33

upper respiratory tract organs

Answer 33

nose, nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses

Question 34

paranasal sinuses

Answer 34

air filled spaces that surround nasal cavity

Question 35

function of paranasal sinuses

Answer 35

lightening the weight of the head, humidifying and heating inhaled air, increasing resonance of speech, protect vital structures in event of facial trauma

Question 36

pharyngeal structure

Answer 36

immune system structure

Question 37

3 regions of the pharynx

Answer 37

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 38

nasopharynx tissue

Answer 38

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 39

lower respiratory tract contains

Answer 39

conducting and respiratory portions

Question 40

no gas exchange occurs in

Answer 40

conducting portions

Question 41

parts of the conducting portion

Answer 41

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 42

respiration occurs in

Answer 42

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Question 43

adams apple

Answer 43

laryngeal prominence (thyroid cartilage)

Question 44

epiglottis

Answer 44

close over the opening to the larynx

Question 45

3 small paired cartilages that aid in sound production

Answer 45

cuneiform, corniculate, arytenoid cartilage

Question 46

2 sets of vocal folds

Answer 46

false vocal cords, true vocal folds

Question 47

where are vocal folds?

Answer 47

larynx

Question 48

false vocal folds

Answer 48

responsible for resonance and preventing food from falling into larynx

Question 49

true vocal folds tissue

Answer 49

covered by stratified squamous epithelium

Question 50

pitch is determined by

Answer 50

tensions on vocal folds

Question 51

loudness depends on

Answer 51

force of air passing over vocal cords

Question 52

range of pitches produced determined by

Answer 52

length and thickness of vocal folds

Question 53

trachea is supported by

Answer 53

C-shaped tracheal cartilages

Question 54

C shaped tracheal cartilages ensures

Answer 54

trachea is always held open

Question 55

mucociliary escalator

Answer 55

helps to trap pathogens and remove them from trachea

Question 56

how does mucociliary escalator work?

Answer 56

mucus contain chemicals, antibodies, immune cells to destroy pathogens; cilia move mucus and material out of trachea

Question 57

mucous membrane of bronchial tree goes from what to what?

Answer 57

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium to simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 58

lung largest to smallest unit

Answer 58

trachea > bronchi > lobar bronchi > bronchioles > terminal bronchioles > respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > dilated alveolar ducts > alveoli

Question 59

thin wall of alveoli is where

Answer 59

gases diffuse between blood and air in lungs

Question 60

pulmonary vessel

Answer 60

travels with bronchioles

Question 61

pulmonary capillaries

Answer 61

wrap over surface of alveoli for gas exchange

Question 62

types of alveolar cells

Answer 62

type 1 and 2

Question 63

type 1

Answer 63

thin, flat epithelial lining cells forming structure of alveolus

Question 64

type 2

Answer 64

responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant

Question 65

pulmonary surfactant

Answer 65

film made of fatty substance to reduce surface tension in alveoli

Question 66

alveolar macrophage

Answer 66

highly active immune cell

Question 67

alveolar macrophage responsible for

Answer 67

removing particles and pathogens