Human Anatomy > Vessels > Flashcards

Vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

systemic circulation

A

extends to all body regions

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2
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

consists of vessels to and from lungs

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3
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

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4
Q

veins

A

return blood to the heart and drain capillaries

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5
Q

arteries become smaller as they

A

branch and lead to capillaries

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6
Q

veins become progressively larger as they

A

merge and approach the heart

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7
Q

anastomosis

A

convergence of 2 or more vessels

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8
Q

anastomosis provides

A

alternate supply route for organ/tissue in case one is blocked

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9
Q

which vessels more commonly anastomose with each other?

A

veins

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10
Q

what kind of arteries do not form anastomoses?

A

end arteries

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11
Q

end arteries

A

only supply of oxygenated blood to a portion of tissues

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12
Q

eg. of end arteries

A

splenic artery, renal artery

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13
Q

companion vessels

A

arteries and veins that lie next to each other

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14
Q

companion vessels supply

A

the same body region and they’re parallel to each other

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15
Q

3 layers of the walls of arteries and veins (innermost to outermost)

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

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16
Q

tunica intima composition

A

endothelium and subendothelial layer of areolar CT

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17
Q

tunica media composition

A

circularly arranged smooth muscle

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18
Q

vasodilation

A

muscle relaxation

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19
Q

vasodilation results in

A

expansion of the lumen of the blood vessels

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20
Q

vasoconstriction

A

contraction of smooth muscle via sympathetic activity

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21
Q

tunica media in arteries v veins

A

thick in arteries, thin in veins

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22
Q

tunica external

A

outer connective tissue that helps anchor blood vessels to surroundings

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23
Q

vaso vasorum

A

outer network of small blood vessels on tunica externa

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24
Q

vaso vasorum is required if

A

blood vessels are large

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25
capillary walls only contain what tunic?
tunica intima
26
veins have valves to prevent
backflow of blood
27
lumen
open space inside vein
28
comparison vessels
arteries and veins that supply the same region
29
veins characteristics
larger in diameter, carry more blood volume, thinner walls
30
arteries characteristics
smaller in diameter, thicker walls, carry blood under high pressure
31
3 types of veins
large, medium to small, venules
32
venules
smallest veins
33
venules characteristics
do not have any valves, originate at capillary beds
34
smallest venules lack a
tunica media
35
3 types of arteries
elastic artery, muscular artery, arterioles
36
elastic artery
contain many elastic fibers in all 3 tunics being most abundant in tunica media
37
elastic arteries near
heart; eg. aorta, pulmonary arteries, brachiocephalic arteries
38
elastic fibers allows for
stretch when the blood pumps into them
39
2 concentric rings of muscular arteries that have elastic fibers
internal elastic lamina, external elastic lamina
40
muscular artery tunica media
thicker
41
eg. of muscular artery
brachial artery
42
arterioles characteristics
thin adventitia, lead into capillaries
43
as artery diameter decreases
amount of elastic fibers decrease and amount of smooth muscle increases
44
capillaries
smallest blood vessels; functional units of the cardiovascular system
45
capillaries force red blood cells to form
rouleau to flow passage and to improve gas exchange
46
what occurs at capillaries?
where metabolic exchange between blood and tissues occurs
47
capillary bed
group of capillaries
48
capillary bed originated from a
metarteriole
49
metarteriole
very small blood vessel capillaries branch from
50
origin of each capillary
precapillary sphincter
51
precapillary sphincter
smooth muscle that controls blood flow into capillaries
52
3 types of capillaries
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid capillary
53
continuous capillary histology
endothelial cells form complete lining aided by tight junctions
54
egs. of where continuous capillaries are found?
muscles, brain
55
fenestrated capillaries histology
endothelial cells contain pores that allow for fluid exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid
56
where are fenestrated capillaries found?
areas of high amounts of fluid transport; small intestine, glomerulus of kidney
57
sinusoid capillaries histology
large gap between endothelial cells and a discontinuous/absent basement membrane
58
sinusoid capillaries allow for
transport of large molecules and cells to and from blood
59
where are sinusoid capillaries found?
sites of the red cell life cycle; eg. bone marrow, liver, spleen
60
pressure in veins
much lower than arteries
61
factors that help blood push along
skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump
62
skeletal muscle pump
skeletal muscles moving, squeezing, contracting on the veins pushing blood flow through the vein
63
respiratory pump
intraabdominal pressure moves blood up from the abdomen during inhalation and thorax losing size pushed blood along during exhalation
64
varicose veins
enlarged twisting veins
65
varicose veins occur when
faulty valves in the veins allow blood to flow in the wrong direction/pool
66
function of the lymphatic system
transports fluids and helps fight infections
67
what happens to interstitial fluid that leaked out of blood capillaries?
enters lymph vessels and become lymph
68
lymph vessels return the fluid to
venous circulation
69
At capillaries some blood plasma leaks out of the capillaries then becoming
interstitial fluid
70
structures of the lymphatic system
lymph vessels, lymph cells, lymphorgans
71
structures of the lymphatic system help to
transport interstitial fluid back into the blood and mounts an immune response when needed
72
lymphatic capillaries
closed ended tubes that are interspersed among most blood capillary beds
73
When pressure is greater in the interstitial fluid
lymph cells would separate and interstitial fluid enters into the lymphatic capillary
74
When pressure is greater inside of the lymphatic capillary
cells adhere more tightly and lymph can't escape back into the interstitial fluid
75
how does the fetus receive oxygen and nutrients?
placenta via umbilical arteries and vein
76
what are the 2 way the pulmonary circuit is bypassed in fetal lungs?
foramen ovale, ductus arterioles
77
ductus venosus (fetus)
oxygenated blood is shunted away from the liver to prioritize the developing brain
78
objection of fetal circulation
take blood to the placenta instead of the lungs for gas exchange and nutrients
79
placenta
temporary organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow for nutrient uptake, thermoregulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via mother blood supply
80
veins and arteries of the fetal umbilical cord
1 umbilical vein, 2 umbilical arteries
81
fetal blood and maternal blood
come very close together but do not mix which allows for gas and nutrient exchange
82
2 shunts of fetal circulation
foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus
83
purpose of shunts
preferentially direct blood to the systemic circuit and away from the pulmonary circuit
84
foramen ovale
hold in the wall between right atrium and left atrium
85
foramen ovale allows for
blood to enter into the right atrium and left atrium
86
foramen ovale bypasses
pulmonary circuit
87
ductus arteriosus
allows blood to flow from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta bypassing the lungs
88
at birth, circulation changes with
first breath
89
what happens with the first breath?
alveoli expand, pulmonary arteries dilate, right heart pressure drops
90
ductus venosus constricts becoming
ligamentum venosum
91
ductus arteriosus closes becoming
ligamentum arteriosum
92
true or false: conductive tissues and pacemakers in the heart are derived from nervous tissues
false
93
true or false: base of heart is located in the left side of the thoracic cavity
false
94
the valves of the heart function to
prevent backflow of blood
95
blood leaving the right atrium passes through the
tricuspid valve
96
papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
prevent the valves from swinging backwards
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