Urinary tract anatomy Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Urinary tract anatomy Deck (17)
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1
Q

What layers of connective tissue surround the kidneys?

A
Perinephric fat
Renal fascia
Paranephric fat
Psoas fascia
Thoracolumbar fascia
2
Q

What vertebral levels do kidneys sit at?

A

T11 - L2/3
Right is lower due to liver
Hila sit around L1

3
Q

Where does the renal angle sit?

A

Between the lower border of rib 12 and lateral border of paravertebral muscles

4
Q

At what vertebral level do the renal arteries arise?

A

L1/L2

5
Q

Embryologically, what do the kidneys develop from?

A

Metanephros (intermediate mesoderm) and the ureteric bud

6
Q

Anatomically, where do the ureters sit?

A

Run vertically inferior to pelvic cavity; follow tips of lumbar vertebrae transverse processes

7
Q

Describe ureter anatomy and histology.

A

Smooth muscle wall

Lined with transitional epithelium

8
Q

What are the main places that calculi (stones) can get stuck in the ureters? (Hint: PUJ VUJ)

A

1) Pelvic inlet - ureters cross the pelvic brim
2) Ureteropelvic junction
3) Vesicoureteric junction

9
Q

How many surfaces does the bladder have?

A

Posterior
Superior
2 x inferolateral

10
Q

What ligaments support the urinary bladder?

A

Pubo-vesical ligament (female)
Levator ani - both sexes
Pubo-prostatic ligament (male)

11
Q

What muscle does the bladder have and describe its histology?

A

Detrusor (smooth) muscle in wall
Stratified epithelium
Transitional epithelium lining (urothelium)

12
Q

Where does the blood supple for the bladder arise from?

A

Internal iliac artery

13
Q

How is the bladder innervated?

A

Top of bladder - covered in peritoneum (above pelvic pain line = T12-L2 symp n
Below pelvic pain line = S2-4 parasymp n

14
Q

Embryologically, what does the bladder develop from?

A

Anterior part of the cloaca with the allantois attached

15
Q

What is the allantois? What is its remnant called?

A

Passes from bladder region of cloaca to umbilicus - drains urine
Remnant of allantois - urachus

16
Q

What are the steps within the micturition reflex?

A
  1. Stretch of bladder wall (visceral afferents)
  2. Contraction of detrusor (parasymp)
  3. Relaxation of Int Urethral Sphincter (parasymp)
  4. Relaxation of ext urethral sphincter (somatic)
17
Q

What are the different sphincters in males vs females?

A

Males (3): IUS, EUS, Compressor urethrae

Females: (4): IUS, EUS, CU, Sphincter urethrovaginalis