Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

neuro > usmle gold: misc > Flashcards

usmle gold: misc Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Fastest growing tumor

A

Burkitt’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PE’s are found in half of all

A

autopsies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Courvoisier’s Law:

A

tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders, but obstructing
gallstones do not (too much scarring), so if you can palpate the gallbladder you’e probably looking at cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm:

A

Pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus:

A

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bacillus anthracis has the only

A

protein capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough) elicits

A

lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying

A

normal architecture of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans often lacks a

A

capsule and, when stained with GMS, looks just like Pneumycistis
carinii, except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Weil Felix reaction:

A

(+)R. rickettssi & (+)Proteus vulgaris & P. mirabilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests:

A

1)VDRL 2)FTA-Abs: most widely used 3)TPI (immobilization test – most
expensive but the Gold Standard)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

IL 1

A

Monocytes, macrophages

Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IL 2

A

Macrophages, T & NK cells Stim prolif of B, T & NK cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IL 3

A

T cells

GF of tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IL 4

A

T cells

↑ growth of B & T cells/ ↑ HLA II Ags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

IL 5

A

T cells

Maturation of B ! plasma cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IL 6

A

T cells, monocytes

Maturation of B & T cell/ (-) fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

IFN α

A

B cells, macrophages

Antiviral activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

IFN β

A

Fibroblasts

Antiviral activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

IFN gamma

A

T & NK cells

Antiviral activity, (+) macrophages, ↑ HLA II Ags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TNF α

A

Macrophages, T & NK cells

T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TNF β

A

T cells

T cell prolif, IL 2 prod, cytotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

VHL

A

3p

Von Hippel Lindau, Renal Cell CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

APC

A

5p

Familial adenomatous polyposis, Colon CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
WT-1
11p | Wilm’s tumor
26
Rb
13q | Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
27
BRCA-2
13q | Breast CA
28
p53
17p | Most human Cas
29
NF-1
17q | Neurofibromatosis type 1
30
BRCA-1
17q | Breast CA, Ovarian CA
31
DCC
18q | Colon & Stomach CA
32
DPC
18q Pancreatic CA
33
NF-2
22q Neurofibromatosis type 2 = bilateral acoustic neuroma
34
Resistance in Series:
Add all
35
Resistance in Parallel:
Invert the answer
36
Filtration Fraction =
GFR/RPF
37
GFR:
Glomerular Filtration Rate
38
RPF:
Renal Plasma Flow
39
Filtered Load =
GFR x [Conc]
40
Excretion Rate =
[Urine] x VelUrine
41
Clearance =
[Urine] x Vel(Urine) / [plasma] or Excretion / [Plasma]
42
Clearance of PAH =
[ERPF]
43
ERPF:
Eff renal plasma flow
44
Renal Blood Flow =
ERPF / 1 - Hct
45
Free Water Clearance =
VelUrine - Urine(osm) x Vel(urine) / P(osm)
46
CO =
HR x SV
47
CO =
O2(consumed) / PulmonaryA VO difference
48
Pulse Pressure =
Systolic – Diastolic
49
MAP =
Diastolic + 1/3 Pulse Pressure
50
CO =
MAP / TPR
51
MAP =
TPR x CO
52
F =
P1− P2 / R
53
PAO2 =
(760 – 47) FO2 - (PACO2 / R) ``` FO2 = [O2] PACO2 = Alv. Press. Of CO2 R = Resp. Exchange Ratio CO2 produced / O2 consumed ≅ .8 or 1 ```
54
Flow =
O2 consumed / AtoVO difference
55
Velgas Diffusion =
(Area / thickness) x Gas Diffusion Constant x Difference of Partial Pressure
56
VentTot =
VentTidal x #of Respirations
57
VentAlv =
(VentTidal – VentDead) x # of Respirations
58
Compliance =
Vol / Press
59
P =
Tension / Radius
60
1.0 =
Va/Q
61
Diffusing Capacity =
COuptake / PACO2
62
Resp Doubles:
150mmHg & 40mmHg
63
New PCO2 =
20
64
New PO2 =
170

neuro (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions