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gold usmle: Hallmark Findings Flashcards

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1
Q

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation

A

Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)

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2
Q

Antiplatelet Antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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3
Q

Arachnodactyly

A

Marfan’s

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4
Q

Aschoff Bodies

A

Rheumatic fever

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5
Q

Auer Rods

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)

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6
Q

Autosplenectomy

A

Sickle cell anemia: switch a glu ! val in β chain

  1. Low O2 ↑ sickling
  2. Aplastic crisis w/ B19 (Parvovirus ssDNA) infection
  3. Salmonella osteomyelitis
  4. Vaso-occlusive painful crisises
  5. Hydroxyurea as Txt (↑ HbF) & Bone marrow transplant
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7
Q

Babinski

A

UMN lesion

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8
Q

Basophilic Stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning

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9
Q

Bence Jones Protein

A

Multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)

206. Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia

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10
Q

Birbeck Granules

A

Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)

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11
Q

Blue Bloater

A 
Chronic Bronchitis (at least 3 months for at least 2 years of ecessive mucus secretion & chronic
recurrent productive cough)
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12
Q

Boot-Shaped Heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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13
Q

Bouchard’s Nodes

A

Osteoarthritis (Proximal IP joint of the fingers)

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14
Q

Boutonniere’s Deformity

A

Rheumatoid arthritis flex proximal & extend distal IP joints

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15
Q

Brown Tumor

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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16
Q

Brushfield Spots

A

Down’s

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17
Q

Call-Exner Bodies

A

Granulosa cell tumor: associated w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinoma
215. Granuloma-Theca cell tumor

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18
Q

Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy

A

Chagas’ Disease

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19
Q

Chancre

A

1° Syphilis

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20
Q

Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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21
Q

Charcot Triad

A

Multiple sclerosis = nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech

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22
Q

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

A

Bronchial asthma

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23
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

A

Cerebral lesion

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24
Q

Chocolate Cysts

A

Endometriosis

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25
Chvostek’s Sign
Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany
26
Clue Cells
Gardnerella vaginitis
27
Codman’s Triangle
Osteosarcoma
28
Cold Agglutinins
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 227. Infectious mononucleosis
29
Condyloma Lata
2° Syphilis | 229. New coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel
30
Cotton Wool Spots
HTN | 231. Aka, cytoid bodies seen w/ SLE (yellowish cotton wool fundal lesions)
31
Councilman Bodies
Dying hepatocytes – HepB
32
Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule
Rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
33
Currant-Jelly Sputum
Klebsiella
34
Curschmann’s Spirals
Bronchial asthma
35
Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra
Parkinson’s
36
Donovan Bodies
Granuloma inguinale (STD)
37
Eburnation
Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
38
Ectopia Lentis
Marfan’s
39
Erythema Chronicum Migrans
Lyme Disease
40
Fatty Liver
Alcoholism
41
Ferruginous Bodies
Asbestosis - & Iron laden
42
Ghon Focus / Complex
Tuberculosis (1° & 2°, respectively)
43
Glitter Cells
Acute Pyelonephritis
44
Gower’s Maneuver
Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand
45
Heberden’s Nodes
Osteoarthritis (Distal IP joint of the fingers)
46
Heinz Bodies
G6PDH Deficiency
47
Heterophil Antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
48
Hirano Bodies
Alzheimer’s
49
Hypersegmented PMNs
Megaloblastic anemia
50
Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs
Iron-deficiency anemia or β Thalassemia
51
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis
52
Joint Mice
Osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)
53
Kaussmaul Breathing
Acidosis / Diabetic Ketoacidosis
54
Keratin Pearls
Squamous Cell CA of skin Actinic Keratosis is a precursor
55
Keyser-Fleischer Ring
Wilson’s
56
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules
Diabetic nephropathy: Nodular Glomerulosclerosis nodules of mesangial matrix
57
Koilocytes
HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma acuminatum - benign) and HPV 16 & 18 (malignant association)
58
Koplik Spots
Measles
59
Lewy Bodies
Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
60
Lines of Zahn
Arterial thrombus
61
Lisch Nodules
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease) = pigmented iris hamartomas NF I
62
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis – prototype of nephritic syndrome
63
Mallory Bodies
Alcoholic hepatitis
64
McBurney’s Sign
Appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)
65
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies
Malakoplakia lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E. Coli
66
Monoclonal Antibody Spike
Multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA) 268. MGUS
67
Myxedema
Hypothyroidism
68
Negri Bodies
Rabies Intracytoplasmic
69
Neuritic Plaques
Alzheimer’s
70
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Alzheimer’s Hyper phosphorylated Tau
71
Non-pitting Edema
Myxedema | 274. Anthrax Toxin
72
Notching of Ribs
Coarctation of Aorta
73
Nutmeg Liver
CHF = causing congested liver
74
Owls Eye Cells
CMV 278. Reed Sternburg Cells (Hodkins Lymphoma) 279. Aschoff cells seen w/ Rheumatic Fever
75
Painless Jaundice
Pancreatic CA (head)
76
Pannus
Rheumatoid arthritis, also see morning stiffnes that ↓ w/ joint use, HLA-DR4
77
Pautrier’s Microabscesses
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), Sezary
78
Philadelphia Chromosome
CML 9:22?
79
Pick Bodies
Pick’s Disease Frontotemporal "Knife-edge" degeneration
80
2 types of COPD
Pink Puffer – Type A: Emphysema 286. Blue Bloater – Type B: Bronchitis 287. Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - α1-antitrypsin deficiency
81
Podagra
Gout (MP joint of hallux)
82
Port-Wine Stain
Hemangioma
83
Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign
Tearing of the ACL
84
Psammoma Bodies
291. Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid 292. Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary 293. Meningioma 294. Mesothelioma
85
Pseudohypertrophy
Seen w/ Duchenne muscular dystrophy @ the claf muscles, due to ↑ fat
86
Punched-Out Bone Lesions
Multiple myeloma
87
Rash on Palms & Soles
2° Syphilis 298. RMSF 299. Coxsackie virus infection: Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
88
Red Morning Urine
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. You would use Ham’s test to confirm.
89
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin’s Disease
90
Reid Index Increased
Chronic bronchitis = ↑d ratio of bronchial gland to bronchial wall thickness
91
Reinke Crystals
Leydig cell tumor
92
Rouleaux Formation
Multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chips
93
S3 Heart Sound
L→R Shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD) 306. Mitral Regurg 307. LV Failure
94
S4 Heart Sound
Pulmonary Stenosis | 309. Pulmonary HTN
95
Schwartzman Reaction
Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs
96
Smith Antigen
SLE (also anti-dsDNA) 312. Malar Rash, Wire loop kidney lesions, Joint pain, False (+) syphilis test (VDRL) 313. 90% 14-45 yo females 314. also seen w/ use of INH; Procainamide; Hydralazine = SLE-like syndrome
97
Soap Bubble on X-Ray
Giant cell tumor of bone
98
Spike & Dome Glomeruli
Membranous glomerulonephritis = Nephrotic syndrome | 317. Spike = basement membrane material & Dome = immune complex deposits (IgG orC3)
99
String Sign on X-ray
Crohn’s bowel wall thickening
100
Target Cells
Thalassemia in α Thalassemia w/ no α gene: Hydrops Fetalis & Intrauterine death associations = HbBarts
101
Tendinous Xanthomas
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
102
Thyroidization of Kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis
103
Tophi
Gout
104
Tram-Track Glomeruli
Membranoproliferative GN: Nephritic syndrome – basement membrane is duplicated into 2 layers
105
Trousseau'’s Sign
324. Visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis) 325. Hypocalcemia (carpal spasm) 326. These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.
106
Virchow’s Node
Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
107
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells
Measles
108
WBC Casts
Pyelonephritis
109
Whipple’s Triad
CNS disfunction – Hypoglycemic episodes – glu injection reverses CNS Sympt’s
110
Wire Loop Glomeruli
Lupus nephropathy, type IV (diffuse proliferative form)
111
↑ Alpha Feto Protein in amniotic fluid or mother’s | serum
Spina Bifida | 333. Anencephaly
112
↑ Uric Acid
Gout 335. Lesch Nyhan 336. Myeloproliferative Disorders 337. Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
113
↓ FEV1/FVC
COPD
114
“Ground Glass” on chest x-ray | Hyaline
Due to Pneumocystis carinii | 340. Seen w/ Atelectasia
115
Honey Combing of the lung
Seen w/ Asbestosis (a restrictive lung disease)
116
Crescents
Goodpastures syndrome (pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)
117
Linear Ig Deposits
Goodpastures syndrome
118
45 Degree Branch Points
Aspergillosis
119
PAS(+) Dutcher Bodies
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia = ↑IgM = Hyperviscosity
120
“Ground Glass” in Abdomen(Hyaline)
Seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies
121
“Signet Ring” Cells
Cells that replace the ovaries, due to Krukenberg’s tumor that has metastasized from the stomach
122
Ground Glass Appearance (Hyaline)
Seen w/ Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes 349. Nuclei seen in Papillary CA of the thyroid (malignant)
123
Congo Red
Shows amyloid deposition in plaques & vascular walls
124
Meningiomas & Progesterone
Some meningiomas have Progesterone receptors = rapid growth in pregnancy can occur
125
Tuberous Sclerosis Triad
Seizures; Mental retardation; Leukoderma (congenital facial white spots or macules): angiofibromas
126
Cowdry A Inclusions
Seen w/ Herpes Simplex Encephalitis – in oligodendroglia Intranuclear
127
Devic’s Syndrome
“Neuromyelitis Optica” | 355. A variant of multiple sclerosis: rapid demyelination of the optic nerve & spinal cord w/ paraplegia
128
c-erb B2
Breast Cancer association
129
Foster-Kennedy Syndrome
A tumor causing blindness & loss of smell w/ papilloedema
130
Hoffman’s Sign
Flicking of the middle finger’s nail
131
Red Nucleus Destruction
Intention tremors of the arm
132
Ventral Spinocerebellar tr.
Unconscious proprioception of lower extremities
133
Dorsal Spinocerebellar tr.
Unconscious prorpioception & fine motor movements
134
Cuneocerebellar tr.
Unconscious proprioception & fine motor movements of upper extremities
135
Dorsal Column
Conscious proprioception of the body
136
Lateral Spinothalamic tr.
Pain & Temperature sensation
137
Ventral Spinothalamic tr.
Light touch perception
138
SVA
Taste & Smell
139
GSE
Muscles of the eye & of the tongue
140
SSA
Vision; Hearing; Equilibrium
141
GVA
Sensation of tongue; soft palate. Carotid Body & Sinus innervation
142
GVE
Edinger Westphal = parasympathetic eye innervation 371. Gland innervation = secretions Page 9 372. Viscera
143
GSA
Pain & temperature of face | 374. Sensation of external ear
144
SVE
Innervation of muscles of masticaiton, facial expressions, larynx & pharynx
145
LMN Lesion
``` Werndig Hoffman (progressive infantile muscular atrophy) 377. Poliomyelitis ```
146
Sensory Pathway Lesion
Subacute Combined Degeneration = Friedrich’s Ataxia = B12 deficiency 379. Tabes Dorsalis (Neurosyphilis)
147
Both UMN & LMN Lesion
ALS = Lou Gherig’s Disease
148
Both Sensory & Motor Lesion
Brown Sequard | 382. Anterior Spinal artery Occlusion
149
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Controls circadian rhythm
150
Ventromedial Nucleus
Satiety center. Savage behavior & obesity when lesioned
151
Lateral Nucleus
Induces eating. Starvation when lesioned
152
Arcuate Nucleus
Releases PIF (dopa-ergic neurons)
153
Mamillary Body
Can have hemorrhages as seen in Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
154
Acanthocytes
RBSc w/ spiny projections. Seen in Abetalipoproteinemia.

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