Flashcards in Vaccines Deck (85)
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Induction of provision of immunity by any mean, active or passive
Immunization
1
Stimulation with antigen to develop immunologic defenses against a future exposure
Active immunization
2
Administration of preformed antibodies
Passive immunization
3
Occurs during infection
Natural active
4
Injecting or taking antigens by mouth
Artificial active
5
Mother to child placenta or milk
Natural passive
6
Injection of antitoxins given
Artificial passive
7
Results in the rapid appearance of low IgG antibody titers
Extrafollicular response
8
IgG titers peak after how many weeks?
4 weeks
2 weeks-4 weeks
9
Reactivates immune memory and results in a rapid <7 days increase of IgG antibody titer
Booster
10
Prevent or reduce infections by extra and intracellular agents and clear extracellular pathogens
Antibodies
11
Reduce control and clear (not prevent) intracellular pathogens
CD8+ cells
12
Reduce control and clear (do not prevent) extra and intra cellular pathogens
CD4+ cells
13
Antibody mechanisms
Binding to enzymatic and active sites of toxins
Opsonization
Complement activation
Preventing viral binding and entry
14
Antigens in vaccines
Weakened pathogens
Killed pathogens
Protein parts of pathogens
15
When a critical portion of the community is immunized against a contagious disease most members of the community are protected against the disease because there is little opportunity for an outbreak.
Community herd immunity
16
Critical portion
At least 80% immunized
17
Immune globulins
IVIg
Hep B immune globulin
Rabies immune globulin
Tetanus immune globulin
CMV immune globulin
Anti-D immune globulin (Rh)
18
Live attenuated vaccines
Viral mmr, varicella/zoster, yellow fever, rotavirus, intranasal influenza, vaccinia, oral polio
Bacterial BCG, oral typhoid
19
Weakened form of wild virus or bacteria, produces mild symptoms
Live attenuated
20
Cannot replicate, not as effective as live vaccines
Inactivated vaccines
21
Generally require 3-5 doses
Inactivated vaccines
22
Inactivated vaccine immune response
Mainly humoral
23
Boosters needed, titer may diminish with time
Inactivated
24
More durable immune response, which type of vaccine?
Live attenuated
25
Whole cell inactivated vaccines viral
Polio, hep a, rabies, influenza
26
Whole cell inactivated bacterial
Pertussis, typhoid, cholera, plague
27
Fractional inactivated
Subunit
Toxoid
28
Fragment of microbe, may be surface proteins or viral genes
Subunit
29
