Vosko II

Question 1

7,9,10 pain from where

Answer 1

ear

Question 2

synapse of VTT

Answer 2

ascend contralateral side

Question 3

second synapse VTT

Answer 3

VPM thalamus

primary somatosensory Cs next

Question 4

pain R in face

Answer 4

TRPvchannel

Question 5

where does VTT enter and where does it go

Answer 5

pons

descends to medulla and synapses spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 6

decussation VTT

Answer 6

in medulla

Question 7

second synapse VTT

Answer 7

VPM thalamus to somatosensory cortex

Question 8

basic two point discrimination on face

Answer 8

dorsal trigeminothalamic

bilateral

Question 9

DTT tract

Answer 9

enters pons and synapses on mesencephalic nuc V b/l in pons then ascends to VPM thalamus

Question 10

voluntary motor control travels through what

Answer 10

corticobulbospinal pathway or corticospinal

Question 11

CN III IV VI activated through what

Answer 11

not corticospinal!

preserved in ALS(leu-gerings)

Question 12

hypoglossal contralateral or ipsi

Answer 12

contra

Question 13

lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 13

control of limbs

Question 14

cervicothoracic level decussation of corticospinal.

Answer 14

turn into LMN for axial mm

ventral/anterior corticospinal tract

Question 15

extrapyramidal

Answer 15

tectospinal
reticulospinal
rubro
vestibulospinal

Question 16

tract to take over when have loss corticospinal

Answer 16

reticulospinal

Question 17

tract if tap someone on shoulder

Answer 17

tectospinal pathway

orient to appropriate stimulus

Question 18

cerebellar circuit

Answer 18

enter cerebral fiber, mossy fibers which synapse on granule cells and bifurcate become paralell fibers which synapse purkinje fibers and go to deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 19

inferior olive

Answer 19

contra lateral to cerebellum giving it a beat or metronom to keep cerebellum up to speed in movements

Question 20

Inferior olives synapse

Answer 20

turn into climbing fibers which synapse on purkinje cells

Question 21

direct basal ganaglia

Answer 21

glutamate is positive to striatum which inhibits globus pallidus internal that usually inhibits thalamus (VA VL) to motor Cx
increase movement

Question 22

glutamate on direct basal ganglia

Answer 22

excitatory +

dopamine + D1

Question 23

indirect basal ganglia

Answer 23

\+ glutamate striatum
 inhibits globus external
which usually inhibits to subthalamic
get more + to globus pallidus internal which inhibits thalamus
inhibits signal to motor Cx
less mvoement

Question 24

dopamine on basal ganglia

Answer 24

inhibits indirect pathway D2

activates direct pathway

Question 25

papez circuit

Answer 25

cingulate gyrus to parahippocampal dyrus to hippocampus to fornix to mammillary body to ant nuc of thalamus to cingulate gyrus

Question 26

pathway of memory consolidation

Answer 26

neoCx to parahippocampal gyrus to entorhinal Cx to dentate to CA3 to CA1 to subiculum and back to entorhinal

Question 27

ligh transduction

Answer 27

11 cis to trans activates transducin activates cGMP phosphodiesterase which hypopolarize (turn off because always on!)

Question 28

visual pathway

Answer 28

R(rods and cones) to bipolar cells to ganglion cells to lateral geniculate to primary visual Cx

Question 29

contralateral layers in lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 29

1,4,6

Question 30

ipsilateral layers in lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 30

2,3,5

Question 31

layers parvo cells (fine detail and color) | layers magno cells

Answer 31

1 2: magnocells | 3-6 parvocells (fine detail and color)

Question 32

anything in L visual field

Answer 32

R side of brain

Question 33

lesion to optic nerve on R side

Answer 33

loss of both field in right eye

Question 34

MS ocular sign

Answer 34

neuritis | lose central vision "scotoma" ipsi side

Question 35

pressure on optic chiasm

Answer 35

lose lateral visual fields | b/l hemianopia

Question 36

damage optic tract on R

Answer 36

lose L visual field | hematomous hemianopsia

Question 37

R inferior radiation loss | myers

Answer 37

lose superior half contralateral | "quadrantanopsia"

Question 38

baums loop lose superior radiation

Answer 38

lose contralateral optic radiation | inferior visual field

Question 39

fall back on head hit occiput Cx | sign

Answer 39

bilateral scotoma | lose central field in both eyes

Question 40

lateralization auditory system

Answer 40

bilateral | superior olivary nucleus

Question 41

lateral lemniscus

Answer 41

inferior colliculus to medial geniculate nucleus to primary auditory Cx