Path I

Question 1

what is the timecourse for vascular neuro path

Answer 1

sec to minutes

Question 2

what is timecourse for abscess in neuro

Answer 2

hours days

Question 3

what is timecourse for neoplasms in neuro

Answer 3

weeks to months

Question 4

what is timecourse for degenerative disease

Answer 4

months years decades

Question 5

how does neuro MS present

Answer 5

relapse and remission over years

Question 6

toxic causes for neuro path

Answer 6

drugs endocrine, electrolytes, nutritional, organ failure

Question 7

acute diffuse symmetrical sx in neuro is usually what

Answer 7

viral, metabolic or toxic

Question 8

pain in neuro are usually what srtuctures

Answer 8

meninges and vessels have pain fibers

Question 9

gray matter pathophys characteristic

Answer 9

cognitive loss, movement disorders or seizures

Question 10

white matter presentation

Answer 10

motor sensory visual or cerebellar

Question 11

progressive symmetric loss is usually

Answer 11

metabolic or degenerative

Question 12

head and limb defects on opposite sides is usually what location lesion

Answer 12

brainstem

Question 13

what imaging is used in neuroradiology

Answer 13

CT MRI and angiography

Question 14

What imaging is prefferedin emergencie neuro situations

Answer 14

CT because fast and can see fresh blood and skull fractures

Question 15

what color will the subcut fat of scalp be

Answer 15

near black

Question 16

what color is CSF on CT

Answer 16

black- hypodense

Question 17

what is “isodense” on CT

Answer 17

fat from myelin

Question 18

what is hyeprdense on CT

Answer 18

bone and fresh blood

Question 19

what will isodense or hypodense blood show

Answer 19

isodense it has been 1 week

hypodense it has been 2-3 weeks

Question 20

lens shaped bleed in cranium does not cross suture lines

Answer 20

epidural

Question 21

crescent shaped, crosses suture lines is what type bleed

Answer 21

subdural

Question 22

common area and cause of intraparenchymal/intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 22

basal ganglia

HTN

Question 23

pneumonic for how to read CT

Answer 23

Blood Can Be Very Bad

Blood, Cisterna, Brain, Ventricles, Bones

Question 24

what is a cistern

Answer 24

opening in subarachnoid space of brain from separation of arachnoid from pia mater

Question 25

4 key cisterns

Answer 25

circummesencephalic, suprasellar, quadrigeminal, sylvian

Question 26

2 main questions when evaluating cisterns

Answer 26

blood and if cisterns are open

Question 27

when exammining brain on CT

Answer 27

symmetry grey white differentiation shift hyper/hypodensity

Question 28

earlies sign of CVA on CT

Answer 28

loss of gey-white interface on CT | compare side to side

Question 29

What is a shift in brain

Answer 29

falx is not on midline

Question 30

areas of tumor ischemia appear what color on CT

Answer 30

black, hypodense

Question 31

what implies open fracture

Answer 31

epidural bleed with pocket of air!!

Question 32

if temporal horns dilated

Answer 32

hydrocephalus

Question 33

what is ring enhancing lesion

Answer 33

mass with VESSEL proliferation

Question 34

what can cause a ring enhancng lesion

Answer 34

abscess glioblastoma metastasis

Question 35

What are types of neuroangiography

Answer 35

doppler US spiral CT angiography MRA

Question 36

imaging of choice to detect vessel narrowing, thrombosis and dissection

Answer 36

MRA

Question 37

what maye myelin in CNS

Answer 37

oligodendrocytes

Question 38

What is neuropil

Answer 38

the pink area on H&E stain | it represents axons, dendrites and extracellular fluid

Question 39

what stain can you see axons and dendrites

Answer 39

silver stain | "bielshowsky"

Question 40

what are the layers of the neoCx

Answer 40

``` molecular external granular external pyramidal internal granular internal pyramidal multiform ```

Question 41

what are the parts of the cerebral Cx

Answer 41

archiCx paleoCx neoCx

Question 42

role of archiCx

Answer 42

connects limbic system to the Cx

Question 43

role of paleoCx

Answer 43

linked to olfactory Sx

Question 44

Nissl body

Answer 44

large granules of RER with rosettes of free ribosomes sites of protein synthesis foynd in neurons

Question 45

what is central chromatolysis

Answer 45

when the nissl bodies all migrate to periphery | 1st change after an axon is severed

Question 46

anoxic neurons

Answer 46

injured neurons that shrink and become eosinosphilic from dense mitochondria nuclei turn pyknotic

Question 47

what conditions cause irreversible neuronal injury

Answer 47

hypoxia ischemia and hypoglycemia

Question 48

GFAP + stain

Answer 48

astrocytes

Question 49

what is the glia limitans

Answer 49

thick layer of interdigitatin astrocytes on surface of Cx

Question 50

what forms scar tissue in CNS

Answer 50

astrocytes

Question 51

What are alzheimer type II astrocytes

Answer 51

in acute metabolic disorders astrocytes enlarge nuclei large and clear(vacuoles) with H&E stain