Path V

Question 1

what is the ring around infarcts seen microscopically around 2-3 weeks after incident

Answer 1

grnaulation tissue

Question 2

what is the syndrome called with posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome

Answer 2

lateral medullary syndrome

wallenberg

Question 3

Sx lateral medullary sydrome

Answer 3

loss of pain and temp on contra side
ipsi face
diagnostic!!!!!!!

Question 4

what tract is damaged in lateral medullary syndrome causing loss of pain and temp to contra body

Answer 4

spinothalamic tract

Question 5

what part of brain is damaged in lateral medullary syndrome that causes ataxia

Answer 5

cerebellum or inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 6

what fibers can be damaged in lateral medullary syndrome that lead to horner like signs

Answer 6

hypothalamiospinal fibers

Question 7

what nuclei involvement can cause nystagmus vertigo and nausea and vomiting

Answer 7

deiters nucleus and vestibular nuclei

Question 8

what is a very bad complicaiton lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 8

increased P in posterior fossa that can cause tonsillar herniation affecting the respiratory center

Question 9

what causes the fatal gastroeneteritis with lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 9

if vesticular and deitersnuclei involved

Question 10

onset lateral medullary syndrome assoc with what

Answer 10

severe vertigo

Question 11

widespread white matter hemorrhages

Answer 11

bone marrow embolization

Question 12

what can cause bone marrow embolizaiton

Answer 12

long bone fractures cause embolie

Question 13

widespread white matter hemorrhages are seen in bone marrow embolization and what type

Answer 13

fat emboli

like in burn patient

Question 14

TIA

Answer 14

transient ischemic attack

Question 15

TIA lasts how long

Answer 15

1 hr leaves small infarcts

Question 16

TIA important warning sign for what

Answer 16

stroke

Question 17

majority strokes caused by

Answer 17

HTN, antigoagulatns, subarachnodi hemorrhage

Question 18

HTN causes hemorrhage where

Answer 18

basalganglia area and thalamus and pons!

Question 19

hemorrhagic stroke occurs in what aa

Answer 19

lenticulostriate and recurrent a of heubner

both from MCA

Question 20

why do many patients with same stroke origination present differently

Answer 20

collateral circulation

Question 21

striatum

Answer 21

caudate and putamen

Question 22

lentiform nucleus

Answer 22

putamen and globus pallidus

Question 23

recurrent a of heubner suplies what

Answer 23

caudate head and ant putamen and globus pallidus

Question 24

all inputs basal ganglia arrive via what

Answer 24

striatum and nuc accumbens

Question 25

outputs of basal ganglia leav how

Answer 25

internal segment globus palludus | close to substantia nigra pars reticulata

Question 26

basal ganglia control what

Answer 26

general motor control eye movements cognitive functions emotional functions

Question 27

pure motor stroke

Answer 27

contra pons or internal capsule

Question 28

pure sensory stroke

Answer 28

contra thalamus

Question 29

MCA syndrome

Answer 29

``` hemiparesis face and arm >leg aphasia sensory loss hemianopia eye deviation ```

Question 30

ACA syndrome

Answer 30

lower extremity weakness, sensory loss, incontinence

Question 31

PCA syndrome

Answer 31

homonymous hemianopia | sensory loss

Question 32

imaging more sensitive to Dx small ischemic areas

Answer 32

MRI | but not as fast

Question 33

what imaging is used to evaluate carotid aa and heart as sources of embolus

Answer 33

US

Question 34

Tx TIA

Answer 34

preservation of tissue in penumbra t-PA and recanalizaiton if embolus watch for inc intracranial P

Question 35

jet bleed into brain tissue

Answer 35

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 36

where do intracranial aneurysms form

Answer 36

where there are gaps in media and internal elastica

Question 37

majority berry aneurysms

Answer 37

circle of willis and 1st bifurcation MCA

Question 38

if find one berry sneurysm must do what

Answer 38

look for others

Question 39

patients at increased risk for intracranial aneurysms

Answer 39

W>M coarctation aorta (marfans) polycystic kidney disease since ciliopathy smoking and alcohol

Question 40

what are arteriovenous malformations

Answer 40

aa and vv proliferation | inc risk of bleeding

Question 41

what can occur intracranially in sturge weber syndrome

Answer 41

abnormal vessels in the subarachnoid space | can cause microcalcifications that cause seizures and neuro deficits

Question 42

hemangioma in opthalmic division V

Answer 42

sturge weber

Question 43

hypertensive encephalopathy

Answer 43

severe HA, nausea, vomiting, papilledema, visual disturbances, seizures, confusion and coma

Question 44

fibrinoid necrosis small a

Answer 44

hypertensive encephalopathy

Question 45

cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Answer 45

deposition of beta amyloid into small vessels | congo red +

Question 46

cerebral amyloid angiopathy assoc with what

Answer 46

alzheimers because AD also deposits amyloid beta

Question 47

what type of hemorrhage in Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Answer 47

lobar

Question 48

what phenotype assoc with cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Answer 48

ApoE

Question 49

what stain for CAA

Answer 49

beta amyloid immunostain

Question 50

the ischemic lesions in CAA can cause what clinical featues

Answer 50

dementia