Path X

Question 1

common mycotic infection of nervous system

Answer 1

aspergillosis

Question 2

spores in lungs

Answer 2

aspergillosis

Question 3

spread of aspergillosis

Answer 3

hematogenous

direct invasion

Question 4

what does aspergillosis cause in brain

Answer 4

hemorrhagic infarcts and abscesses

Question 5

prognosis aspergillosis

Answer 5

high mortality with appropriate therapy

Question 6

aspergillosis affects what parts of brain

Answer 6

meninges and parenchyma

Question 7

45 degree branching on histo from vascular wall section

Answer 7

aspergillosis

Question 8

how do amoebic abscesses happen

Answer 8

enteric viruses
gets to cerebrum through nasal cavity
can get from swimming in fresh water bodies

Question 9

most common parasitic infection of CNS leading cause epilepsy worldwide

Answer 9

neurocysticercosis

Question 10

how do people acquire neurocysticercosis

Answer 10

pork meat

Question 11

what occurs in neurocysticercosis

Answer 11

inflammatory after parasites death
eventually calcifies
focal or generalized seizures, papilledema, HA, vomiting and ataxia, vertigo, focal motor and sensory deficits, dementia, acute hydrocephalus and occasionally sudden death

Question 12

multiple cysts through all of the parenchyma of brain

Answer 12

neurocysticercosis

Question 13

cysts inside the ventricles of brain

Answer 13

neurocysticercosis

Question 14

CD 4 count <100

Answer 14

lymphoma, EBV and DLBCL

toxoplasmosis

Question 15

CD4 count <50

Answer 15

cryptococcus

Question 16

imaging show multiple ring enhancing lesions

Answer 16

toxo

Question 17

type of dementia in CJD

Answer 17

subacute progressive dementia

Question 18

prions

Answer 18

proteinaceous infectious agents

Question 19

presentation CJD

Answer 19

subacutely progressive dementia, often characteristic EEG changes and CSF findings
very long latent period
no Tx

Question 20

prion precursor protein encoded by what gene

Answer 20

PRNP

Question 21

PrPc

Answer 21

normal protein

Question 22

PrPsc

Answer 22

abnormal protein, protease resistant

Question 23

human prion diseases

Answer 23

CJD
kuru
grestmann-straussler scheinker syndrome
fatal familial insomnia

Question 24

types of CJD

Answer 24

sporadic
familial
iatrogenic
variant

Question 25

kuru

Answer 25

was from new guinea natives from eating brains of dead people

Question 26

Gerstmann Straussler Scheinker syndrome GSS

Answer 26

autosomal dominant slowly progressive ataxia and dementia | widespread PrPtse amyloid plaques throughout CNS

Question 27

fatal familial insomnia

Answer 27

autosomal dominant disorder with pathological lesions in thalamus

Question 28

alpha pleated sheet prion

Answer 28

normal Prc

Question 29

beta pleated sheet prion

Answer 29

Pr sc abnormal prion

Question 30

what happens with one Pr sc prion

Answer 30

spreads

Question 31

spongiosis and vacuolization on histo of brain

Answer 31

CJD | "spongioform degeneration"

Question 32

how do prions cause neuronal death

Answer 32

stop normal transport in neurons

Question 33

how are types of CJD distinguished

Answer 33

western blot of CSF

Question 34

mad cow disease

Answer 34

CJD

Question 35

anti NMDA R encephalitis

Answer 35

autoimmune encephalitis

Question 36

What neurodegenerative diseases cause dementia

Answer 36

alzheimers parkinsons diffuse lewy body dementia huntingtons

Question 37

alzheimers attack what part of brain

Answer 37

corticobasal degeneration cortical frontotemporal dementia

Question 38

parkinsons attacks what part of brain

Answer 38

midbrain idiopathic post infectious

Question 39

huntingtons affects what part of brain

Answer 39

caudate

Question 40

CAG repeat syndromes

Answer 40

spinocerebellar degenerations | spinocerebellar ataxias and friedreichs ataxia

Question 41

ALS attacks what in brain

Answer 41

motor system

Question 42

what can cause cellular damage in brain

Answer 42

free radicals DNA damage and repair excitotoxicity BBB dysfunction mitochondrial dysfunction with energy depletion protein truncation with dysfunction/misfolding and/or accumulation

Question 43

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is caused by

Answer 43

caused by protein misfolding

Question 44

endoplasmic reticulum dilated from aggregates of misfolded protein

Answer 44

alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 45

the misfolded proteins in alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency cause what

Answer 45

apoptosis

Question 46

common feature of several neurodegenerative conditions

Answer 46

``` beta amyloid tau TDP43 synuclein huntingtin prion protein ```

Question 47

beta amyloid collects in what diseases

Answer 47

alzheimer disease | cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Question 48

tau collects in what diseases

Answer 48

alzheimers frontotemporal lobar degeneration picks disease progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration

Question 49

TDP43 collects in

Answer 49

frontotemporal lobar degeneration | some forms of ALS

Question 50

synuclein collects in

Answer 50

parkinsons | dementia with lewy bodies disease, multiple system atrophy

Question 51

huntington collects in

Answer 51

huntingtons

Question 52

prio protein diseases

Answer 52

CJD vCJD GSS FFI

Question 53

alzheimer disease protein build up

Answer 53

beta amyloid | tau