Path XI Flashcards
most common dementia
alzheimer disease
onset >65 yrs
Signs Sx alzheimer
slowly progressive memory dysfunction dysphagia and dyspraxia prgression to akynetic mutism confusion with time and place misplacing objects decreasing judgement social withdrawal mood personality changes
alzheimer assoc with
some familial
some downs
most sporadic
type of atrophy in alzheimer
cortical atrophy
amyloid plaques appear where in alzheimers
outside of neuron
where does tau collect in alzheimer
inside neuron
what enzyme is problem in collection of plaques and tau proteins in alzheimers
beta amyloid converting enzyme
or
beta secretase cleavage
most cases of alzeimers disease are
spontaneous
mutations with familial alzheimers
beta amyloid precursor protein 21q21 (downs region)
presenilin— early onset AD
mutation of presenilin or beta amyloid precursor protein increase what
beta amyloid precursor protein
what apo protein is associated with alzheimers
ApoE epsilon4 form
increase 25% for late onset AD
promotes beta amyloid precursor protein formation
tau protein encoded where
17q21.1
plaques in neurites with amyloid cores
alzheimers
role of tau
stabilizes microtubules
most common initial Sx of alzheimers
impaired memory
personality and judgment affected too
binding domains of tau
3 or 4. 4 is stable
high levels tau protein in CSF after head trauma linked to
poor recovery
inflammatory reactin oto amyloid plaques and tau tangles causes what in brain
gliosis leading to grey matter loss
tau protein is stained with what
silver stain
what condition is almost always present with alzheimers
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
cerebral amyloid angiopathy is due to
deposition of beta amyloid Abeta in small vessels
ischemic lesions of CAA cause
dementia
imaging for alzheimers
CSF
MRI
nuclear scans
what is decreased or increased in alzheimers
decreased beta amyloid
increased tau
