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Year 2 neuro exam 1 > Path IX > Flashcards

Path IX Flashcards

1
Q

bacterial meningitis can cause what in veins

A

thrombosis in vein or sinuses

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2
Q

common agents in viral encephalitis

A

arboviruses
CMV
Herpes
HIV

rabies
polyomavirus

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3
Q

which viruses have intranuclear inclusions for viral encephalitis

A

CMV and herpes

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4
Q

signs herpes encephalitis

A 
HA
fever
neck stiffness
drowsiness
coma
focal neurologic signs
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5
Q

prognosis herpes encephalitis

A

usually fatal, rapid course

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6
Q

which area of brain first affected by herpes encephalitis

A

frontal and temporal lobes

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7
Q

prognosis herpes encephalitis with Tx

A

25-50% still die

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8
Q

sequelae of herpes encephalitis

A

behavioral abnormalities, memory disturbances, other neurologic deficits of varying severity

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9
Q

gross picture of brain with herpes encephalitis

A

redness on brain
usually bottom of brain
loss of definition of grey and white matter

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10
Q

chromatin pushed to side of nucleus because of inclusion

A

herpes encephalitis

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11
Q

herpes destroys what brain tissue

A

parenchyma
attacks microglia
form multinucleated giant cells

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12
Q

HSV causes what in neonate

A

necrotizing encephalitis that cause diffuse melt down of brain
No primary favoritism to temporal and frontal lobes

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13
Q

neonate MRI with CMV

A

periventricular calcifications
ventriculomegaly
abnormal gyri
microcephaly

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14
Q

rabies is carried in what animals

A

foxes, raccoons, skunk, bats and dogs

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15
Q

incubation period for rabies

A

10 days to a year

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16
Q

signs rabies

A

HA fever malaise and difficulty swallowing

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17
Q

progression rabies

A

stupor coma and death

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18
Q

negri bodies

A

rabies

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19
Q

what are negri bodies

A

proteins made by rabies virus

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20
Q

exposed to bats in cave and hace HA fever malaise

A

rabies encephalitis

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21
Q

what causes Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

JC or BK virus
JC brain
BK urinary tract

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22
Q

PML infection in humans

A

asymptomatic alot
can have reactivation and cause damage to white matter
infects and destroys oligodendrocytes

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23
Q

signs PML

A

dysarthria, limb weakness, visual disturbances, ataxia, personality changes, and occasionally seizures

24
Q

prognosis PML

25
Tx PML
Tx underlying imumunosuppression
26
what will histo fof brain look like that had PML
grey matter okay | white matter destroyed
27
does PML have intranuclear viral particles
yes | also has giant nucleus
28
SSPE
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
29
SSPE is caused by what
measles | delayed response
30
SSPE damages what brain tissue
grey and white matter
31
what fungal organism causes meningitis
cryptococcal meningitis
32
TB patient with pneumonia, also has neuro Sx
Mycobacterium TB or MAC | base of brain
33
cryptococcis disseminates how
from lung
34
cryptococcis causes what in breain
meningitis with or without parenchymal cysts
35
cryptococcomas
abscess
36
stain for cryptococcis
india ink stain
37
histo cryptococcosis
cysts in grey and white matter
38
CSF cryptococcosis
gelatinous capsule cause dilatation in virchow robbin space | 2-3x astrocyte
39
presentation cryptococcal meningitis
immunocompromised individual
40
what neuro signs can be caused by TB
meningeal signs and CN palsies basal meningitis granular meningeal surface
41
paraplegia of Potts disease
spinal epidural TB
42
lesions in TB in brain
pus at base of brain | ring lesions from tuberculoma!!!, shift of parenchyma
43
stain for TB
acid fast
44
types of cellular lesions in TB
caseous granulomas from macrophages
45
what can cause cerebral abscess
bacterial- wound infection fungal protozoal: toxoplasmosis and amoebic abscess
46
signs of cerebral abscess
HA fever seizures and focal signs
47
direct extension cause of cerebral abscess
trauma and surgery
48
hematogenous causes of cerebral abscess
endocarditis | other infections
49
the pus in cerebral abscesses will have what WBC present
neutrophils
50
why do antibiotics not work on TB brain abscess
thin wall fibrosis of gliosis around pus
51
infection of toxoplasmosis forms where
anterior lobes if from frontal sinus | temporal lobes if from mastitis or ear infection
52
multifocal toxoplasmosis lesions spread how
hematogenous
53
toxo is spread how
cat feces
54
when is toxo activated
when host is immunocompromised
55
cluster of large circles with many little inclusions inside
toxo
56
stain for toxo
IHC

Year 2 neuro exam 1 (23 decks)

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