week 4 pharm

Question 1

what part of ACE inhibitors causes dry cough?

Answer 1

the blocking of bradykinin

Question 2

how to ACE inhibitors affect potassium?

Answer 2

it causes high potassium because it stops aldosterone which is the opposite of spironolactone

Question 3

how to statins work?

Answer 3

they lower overall cholesterol by blocking the HMG enzyme that helps liver make cholesterol, forcing the liver to make more LDL receptors.

Question 4

how long to statins take to work

Answer 4

2 weeks, its a 4 lifer med

Question 5

what is the main risk
of taking atorvastatin

Answer 5

it can cause myopathy which releases myoglobin, can put someone into renal failure

Question 6

what are some things that are important to monitor for a patient takin atrovastatin

Answer 6

BUN, creatinine, muscle pain

Question 7

what is colesevelam and what does it do

Answer 7

it is a bile acid sequestrate, it takes cholesterol, clumps it together, and secretes it through stool. Liver ends up making more cholesterol receptors

Question 8

what are things you need to monitor in a patient taking colesevelam

Answer 8

monitor GI function, bile is make up of cholesterol so it could affect bile production

Question 9

how do beta blockers work

Answer 9

reduces HR, force of contraction, and decreases renin secretion (angio 2 and aldosterone aren’t made so it stops water retention and vasoconstriction)

Question 10

what are some early warning signs of hypoglycemias for a person on beta blockers

Answer 10

tachycardia, tremors, perspiration

Question 11

what are some early signs of heart failure (not MI, just that its not working as well)

Answer 11

• SOB while lying flat and OE
• edema
  weight gain
  cough at night

Question 12

what drug class is verapamil

Answer 12

calcium channel blocker

Question 13

what is verapamil MOA

Answer 13

inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membrane, delays conduction so that there’s more time for preload

Question 14

why would CCBs cause edema and abdominal discomfort

Answer 14

it slows GI motility so it causes tummy ache, and it causes edema because of mass vasodilation

Question 15

what drug should you really not give with calcium channel blockers

Answer 15

beta blockers, its asking for a heart block

Question 16

MOA for ACE inhibitors

Answer 16

ACE triggers raas to vasoconstrict and retain water and salt, so blocking it will cause vasodilation and fluid to not be retained.

Question 17

what are some monitoring parameters for ACE inhibitosr

Answer 17

• assess BP and HR a lot
• fluid balance (ins and outs)
• blood work (K and creatinine)

Question 18

how does nitroglycerine spray work for stop angina

Answer 18

basically she’s a potent vasodilator, dilates veins in the body to increase venous return and preload which decreases overall workload

relaxes vasospasm in the coronary arteries

Question 19

what are some adverse effects for nitroglycerin spray

Answer 19

• headache, tachycardia, hypotension

Question 20

what is isosorbide

Answer 20

long acting nitrate pills that do the exact same thing as nitroglycerin

Question 21

how does aspirin lower blood pressure

Answer 21

irreversible inhibition of cox to suppress platelet aggrigation
relaxes vasoconstriction because of less resistance and pressure overall

Question 22

which type of cardiac patients will receive clopidogrel

Answer 22

patents who have stints in after an MI to stop platelets from forming around it (they’ll be on it for about a year or so)

Question 23

whats the difference between unfractioned heparin and deltaparin (LMWH)

Answer 23

unfractioned is cheaper, and needs to have blood work monitored

Question 24

what is the indication for atleplase

Answer 24

STEMI