week 9 patho seizures Flashcards
what is the resting membrane potential
-70 to -80 mv
how do elements contribute to depolarisation
- calcium and sodium come in, potassium leaves
what are the two main neurotransmitters responsible for brain excitation
acetylcholine and glutamate (excitatory)
which neurotransmitters cause inhibition
dopamine and GABA (inhibitory)
whats the difference between seizure and epilepsy
seizure is an abnormal sudden electrical discharge of neurons that can result in seizure
epilepsy is a chronic disorder in which repeated unprovoked seizure activity occurs
what are the three broad categories of seizures
generalised seizures, focal onset seizures, unclassified seizures
seizures characterised by a loss of consciousness and last for 5 minutes are
tonic clonic
which seizure has a person staring blank and unresponsive for 5-10 seconds
absence
which type of seizure is brief jerking of extremities often right after waking up or going to bed
myoclonic
which seizure is the one where they literally just fall over
atonic
which seizure is the one where something weird randomly just happens to them but theyre super aware (i.e. cant speak)
focal aware seizure
which type of seizure is the one where they appear to be awake but are absent and have automatism behaviour
focal impaired
what are focal seizures
partial seizures where only one part of the brain is involved.
what are the main triggers for seizures
stress, lack of sleep, hormones, stimulation, fever mainly
what are the seizure stages
- prodrome: days to hours before seizure patient has changes in mood
- aura: early part of seizure (smell things, visual changes)
- Ictal phase: the actual seizure
- postictal: patient is likely confused, exhausted, muscle aches, injuries
