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NURS 2514 > GI system week 2: lecture questions > Flashcards

GI system week 2: lecture questions Flashcards

1
Q

which class of antiemetics is ondansetron

A

a serotonin receptor antagonist

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2
Q

how does ondansetron affect the heart

A

it can lower the q wave so its contraindicated for those with cardiac issues

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3
Q

which drug class is dexamethosone

A

it is a glucocorticoid (steroid for fast relief

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4
Q

what are the side effects of dexamethasone if used for a short period of time

A

literally none

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5
Q

which pathway does metoclopramide block

A

it blocks the serotonin and dopamine pathways to CTZ (it is a dopamine antagonist)

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6
Q

why does Matoclopramide cause peristalisis

A

it is a pro kinetic drug, it enhances upper GI in response to acetylcholine

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7
Q

which drug poses a risk for tardive dyskinesia

A

metroclopramide (its basically muscle spasms)

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8
Q

what is nabilone used for

A

its a cannabinoid used for chemo

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9
Q

what drug class is dimenhydrinate

A

it is an antihistamine (gravol)

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10
Q

which pathway does dimenhydrinate block

A

it blocks the H and M pathway

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11
Q

what are some contraindications of dimenhydrinate

A

hx of glaucoma, lung disease or difficulty urinating

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12
Q

what is dimenhydrinate typically used for (indications)

A

motion sickness, post-op drug induced nausea

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13
Q

which drug class is scopolamine

A

muscarinic antagonist

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14
Q

what is scopolamine best used for

A

motion sickness (it is anticholinergic)

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15
Q

what are the most common uses for ondansetron

A

chemo
radiation
anesthesia
viral gastritis
pregnancy

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16
Q

what is dexamethasone typically used for

A

chemo (also used with ondansetron)

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17
Q

what is metroclopramide most commonly used for

A

opioid induced nausea

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18
Q

which 2 antiemetics are anticholinergic

A

scopolamine and dimenhydrinate

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19
Q

how does psyllium work?

A

it is a laxative that forms bulk (contains polysaccharides and cellulose)

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20
Q

how does lactulose work

A

it turns into lactic acid in the colon which has osmotic action

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21
Q

how does magnesium hydroxide work

A

it contains salts which draws water into lumen (osmotic)

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22
Q

how does polyethylene glycol work

A

it is a non absorbable compound which retains water in the intestinal lumen (osmotic)

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23
Q

which osmotic laxative is appropriate for chronic constipation

A

polyethylene glycol

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24
Q

which laxative is most appropriate for opioid induced constipation

A

bisacodyl

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25
Q

how does bisacodyl work

A

it stimulates peristalsis and increases amount of water and electrolytes in the blowel

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26
Q

how does docusate sodium work

A

it softens stool through penetration of salt and water

27
Q

which laxatives take 1-3 days to work

A

Psyllium, lactulose, docusate sodium

28
Q

which laxatives take 6-12 hours to work in low doses, and 2-6 hours to work in high doses

A

magnesium hydroxide and polythelene glycol

29
Q

which osmotic laxative is bad for the kidneys

A

magnesium hydroxide

30
Q

which laxative helps with the excretion of ammonia (good for the liver)

A

lactulose

31
Q

how do opioids help with diarrhoea?

A

they activate opioid receptors in the GI system which slow GI motility

32
Q

what are the two opioid antidiarrheals

A

diphenoxylate and loperamide

33
Q

which antidiarrheal do we add atropine to and why

A

diphenoxylate because it discourages abuse due to its bad side effects

34
Q

which antidiarrheal is used to reduce amount of discharge in ileostomy

A

loperamide (Imodium)

35
Q

how does bismuth subsalicylate act as an anti diarrhoea

A

it coats walls of GI tract, binds to bacteria or toxin and removes it though stool

36
Q

which antidiarrheal may cause dark stool that looks like melena

A

bismuth subsalicylate

37
Q

what are the 4 goals of treatment for PUD (pharmacology)

A

alleviate symptoms, promote healing, prevent complications, prevent reoccurrence

38
Q

what do H2 receptors do

A

they’re located in the parietal cells of the stomach, blocking them reduces the volume of gastric juice and decreases concentration of stomach acid

39
Q

what is the H2 receptor antagonist

A

Ranitidine

40
Q

how long does Ranitidine take to work

A

6-12 weeks to heal gastric and duodenal ulcers

41
Q

what does omeprazole do (moa)

A

its a proton pump inhibitor, proton pumps an enzyme that makes gastric acid

42
Q

how long does omeprazole take to work

A

it inhibits 97% of acid production in 2 hours

43
Q

what does it mean when a drug is acid-labile (which drug is this)

A

omeprazole is an acid-labile drug, meaning its easily destroyed in an acidic environment
because of this capsules for this drug contain coated granules that only dissolve in the duodenum

44
Q

which two PUD drugs require monitoring for pneumonia

A

ranitidine and omeprazole

45
Q

what is dyspepsia

A

rebound acid hyper secretion, usually caused by omeprazole

46
Q

how do you remember what sucralfate does

A

its a bandaid over ulcers

47
Q

what is sucralfate moa

A

it creates a mucosal barrier against acid and pepsin to protect against ulcers

48
Q

how long does sucralfate work for

A

6 hours

49
Q

what are three things you need to remember when administering sucralfate

A

don’t take with other antacids
take on empty stomach
take 30 mins apart from other meds because it might alter absorption

50
Q

which PUD drug should you use specifically for ulcers caused by chronic NSAID use

A

Misoprotisol

51
Q

what is Misoprotisol MOA

A

it replaces endogenous prostaglandin which suppresses acid production, increases bicarb and mucous secretion, and increases mucosal flow

52
Q

which PUD should you never take while pregnant

A

misoprotisol

53
Q

antacids MOA

A

they have alkaline properties that raise the pH of the stomach, decreasing pepsin and increasing prostaglandins

54
Q

which antiemetic causes a prolonged q wave

A

ondansetron

55
Q

which two antiemetics are anticholinergic

A

scopolamine and dimenhydrinate

56
Q

which antiemetic could cause tardive dyskinesia

A

metoclopramide

57
Q

what is tardive dyskinesia

A

basically causes jerks in your face and tounge that you can’t control

58
Q

which antiemetic is the best for motion sickness

A

metoclopramide

59
Q

what is the fastest working laxative

A

bisacodyl

60
Q

which is the laxative used to clean people out before surgery

A

PEG

61
Q

which laxative has the most adverse effects

A

Lactulose

62
Q

what is ranitidine and what does it do

A

a histamine 2 receptor agonist, decreases volume of gastric juice

63
Q

what is sucralfate

A

band aide over ulcers

64
Q

what is omeprazole

A

proton pump inhibitor and inhibits the enzyme that makes gastric acid

NURS 2514 (31 decks)

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