week 8 patho

Question 1

what are the two major arteries that supply blood to the brain

Answer 1

internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries

Question 2

which artery supplies blood to anterior circulation of the brain

Answer 2

internal carotid arteries

Question 3

which artery supplies blood to posterior circulation of the brain

Answer 3

vertebral arteries

Question 4

what is the circle of willis

Answer 4

basically a circle that’s connected to anterior and posterior circulation of the brain

it provides collateral flow to affected brain regions in the event of arterial incompetency.

Question 5

if there is no blood flow to the brain, how long until cell death occurs

Answer 5

5 mins

Question 6

what are the four things that affect blood flow to the brain

Answer 6

• systemic blood pressure
• cardiac output
• blood viscosity
• intracranial pressure

Question 7

describe auto regulation (simple)

Answer 7

basically the brain can control its own blood pressure regardless of systemic Bp

it does this by vasodilating and vasoconstriction depending on its supply of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 8

how would the brain compensate for an increase in carbon dioxide in the brain

Answer 8

it would vasodilate which would increase O2 coming into the body

Question 9

what factors would cause a stroke

Answer 9

when there is inadequate blood flow to the brain, or when there is haemorrhage to the brain

Question 10

how would hemmorhage cause a stroke

Answer 10

it would increase intracranial pressure and compress the tissues, this would cause low perfusion

Question 11

what are the two types of stroke

Answer 11

ischemic and hemorrhagic

Question 12

what are the three types of ischemic stroke

Answer 12

• transient ischemic attack
• thrombotic
• embolic

Question 13

what are the two types of hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 13

intracranial
subarachnoid

Question 14

which type of stroke is considered a mini stroke

Answer 14

Transient ischemic attack

Question 15

which type of stroke is usually caused by a blood clot or blockage of the artery associated with atherosclerosis

Answer 15

thrombotic

Question 16

which type of stroke is caused by an unattached mass that travels through the blood stream

Answer 16

an embolic stroke

Question 17

which type of stroke is caused by a brain bleed from a ruptured vessel

Answer 17

an intracranial hemorrhagic

Question 18

if someone describes their symptoms as the worst headache of their life, which type of stroke is likely occurring

Answer 18

an intracranial hemorrhage

Question 19

which type of stroke is usually associated with a ruptured aneurism

Answer 19

a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke

Question 20

whats the difference between a hematoma and a hemorrhage

Answer 20

a hemorrhage is an active bleed, a hematoma is a bleed that has already clotted, resulting in a large clot

Question 21

discuss the risk factors of stroke

Question 22

what is the penumbra

Answer 22

the zone in ischemic stroke around the cell death area, you have three hours to save it

Question 23

what is contralateral processing

Answer 23

you process sensory info from the opposite side that you receive it

Question 24

what are the clinical manifestations of an acute stroke

Answer 24

• sudden weakness to one side of the body
• sudden confusion
• difficulty speaking, slurring speech
• sudden trouble seeing
• sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance
• sudden severe headache

Question 25

what are clinical manifestations of high ICP

Answer 25

• headache
• vomiting
• change in LOC
• pupil changes
• posturing
• seizures

Question 26

what are some important aspects of motor function that can be affected by stroke

Answer 26

• mobility
• resp function
• speech, swallowing, gag reflex

Question 27

copy out mind map of the different types of stroke