week 5 pharm

Question 1

what drug class is hydralizine

Answer 1

potent vasodilator for the arteries

Question 2

what is the MOA for hydralizine

Answer 2

acts on vascular smooth muscle to cause dilation of the arteries. causes decreased afterload, peripheral resistance, and lowers BP

Question 3

what is a major adverse effect of hydralizine, which drug is usually taken with it to stop this?

Answer 3

reflex tachycardia, usually taken with beta blockers to prevent this

Question 4

what drug class is losartan

Answer 4

angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARB)

Question 5

what is the MOA for losartan

Answer 5

similar to ACE inhibitors, blocks angio 2 which results in vasodilation and decrease in blood volume
prevents cardiac remodelling!

Question 6

what are some monitoring parameters for losartan

Answer 6

BP, K, angioedema

Question 7

why would we need to monitor K for losartan

Answer 7

because it blocks aldosterone, aldosterone and K repel each other

Question 8

why is furosemide given for a patient with heart failure

Answer 8

used for situations that require a massive removal of fluid

Question 9

what is the MOA for hydrochrolothiazide

Answer 9

blocks reuptake of Na and Cl in the distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

why is spironolactone given for a patient with heart failure

Answer 10

because it blocks aldosterone, increases K in the body

Question 11

what are the main functions of diuretics for patients with heart failure

Answer 11

decrease preload, pulmonary edema, and peripheral edema

Question 12

why would it be beneficial to decrease preload on a patient with heart failure

Answer 12

because its hard on the heart to keep having to work to eject large amounts of fluid

Question 13

how to SLGT-2 inhibitors work on patients with heart failure

Answer 13

they reduce absorption of glucose in the kidney, glucose gets excreted through urine and takes water with it, having a diuresis effect

Question 14

what are some adverse effects for SLGT-2 inhibitors

Answer 14

UTI and yeast infection

Question 15

what is the drug for SLGT-2 inhibitors

Answer 15

Canagliflozin

Question 16

what is the Sacubirtil/valsartan chemical name

Answer 16

ARNI

Question 17

MOA for ARNI drugs

Answer 17

basically works against the RAAS, induces natriuretisis and vasodilation

Question 18

what does ANP do

Answer 18

every time there’s issues with the heart and decreased cardiac output, your body produces this peptide to work against the raas. only issue is its not strong enough so ARNI drugs increase the effectiveness of this

Question 19

what are the three meds used for partial fibrillation

Answer 19

beta blockers (slows HR) , CCBs (slows contractility), digoxin

Question 20

which drug should be added to any drug intervention for artrial fibrillation

Answer 20

warfarin should be added to reduce the risk of blood clots

Question 21

what does Digoxin do

Answer 21

it inhibits the sodium potassium pump to slow down heart rate

Question 22

what is the relationship between digoxin and potassium

Answer 22

digoxin competes with potassium to cross the cell membrane, without potassium this drug is toxic to the body