Week 4 Study Cards Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
What is the origin?
A
stationary bone the muscle attaches to
2
Q
What is the insertion?
A
the moveable bone the muscle attaches to
3
Q
What is rectus?
A
fibers parallel to the midline of the body
4
Q
What is transverse?
A
fibers perpendicular to the midline
5
Q
What is oblique?
A
fibers diagonal to the midline
6
Q
What are neighboring bones?
A
occipitalis
intercostal
7
Q
What are terms meaning large?
A
maximus, magnus, major, vastus
8
Q
What are terms meaning small?
A
minimus, minor
9
Q
What is a term meaning medium size?
A
medius
10
Q
What is a term meaning long?
A
longus
11
Q
What is a term meaning short or brief?
A
brevis
12
Q
What does bi mean?
A
two origins
13
Q
What does tri mean?
A
three origins
14
Q
What does quad mean?
A
four
15
Q
What shape is rhomboideus?
A
diamond shape
16
Q
What shape is serratus?
A
serrated, saw-toothed
17
Q
What shape is teres?
A
rounded
18
Q
What shape is deltoid?
A
triangular, like a river delta
19
Q
What action does a flexor muscle do?
A
decreases the angle at a joint
20
Q
What action does a extensor do?
A
increase angle at a joint
21
Q
What action does an abductor do?
A
moving away from the midline
22
Q
What action does an adductor do?
A
moving closer to the midline
23
Q
What action does levator do?
A
moving upward
24
Q
What action does a depressor do?
A
move downward
25
What action does a constrictor do?
surround
26
What action does a pronator do?
moving the palm downward of posterior
27
What action does a supinator do?
moving the palm upward of anterior
28
What are the relative location terms?
```
anterior
posterior
dorsal
inferior
superior
lateral
medial
```
29
What is the bulk of the body's muscle
skeletal muscle
30
What is the shape of muscle cells?
long, cylindrical cells, relatively large
31
How many nuclei do muscle cells?
more than one
32
What is the plasma membrane in skeletal muscle cells called?
sarcolemma
33
How are the nuclei arranged in skeletal muscle cells?
myofibrils, lined longitudinaly
34
What composes the myofibrils?
myofilaments
35
What two proteins compose myofibrils?
actin and myosin
36
What is the function of actin and myosin?
to slide past each other during muscle activity and bring about shortening or contractions
37
What are the contractile units of the muscle?
sarcomeres
38
What composes skeletal muscle (what is the structure)?
muscle fibers bundled together with connective tissue
39
What is the connective tissue that encloses each muscle fiber?
endomysium
40
What collagenic membrane layer are sheathed muscle fibers wrapped in?
perimysium
41
What does the fibers and collagenic perimysium form?
fascicle
42
What binds a large amount of fascicles?
epimysium (dense connective tissue)
43
What do the epimysia blend into?
strong cordlike tendons or sheet-like aponeuroses
44
What are the function of tendons and aponeuroses?
attach muscles to each other or indirectly to bones
| strengthening the muscle as a whole
45
What stimulates skeletal muscle cells?
motor neurons via impulses
46
What is the junction between a nerve fiber and a muscle cell?
neuromuscular or myoneural junction
47
What are the branches of a motor axon called?
axon terminals
48
What makes up a motor unit?
neuron, all the muscle cells
49
What is the synaptic cleft?
small fluid filled gap between muscle fiber membranes and neurons
50
What are muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a particular movement?
prime movers or agonists
51
What are muscle that oppose or reverse a movement called?
antagonists
52
What are muscles that aid the action of prime movers by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement
synergists
53
What are muscles that are specialized synergists by immobilizing the origin of prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion?
fixators
54
What muscle is the temporalis? Where is it located?
The muscle originating at the temppporal bone and connecting to the madible (coronoid process)
55
What is the masseter muscle? Where is it located? What is its function?
originates at zygomatic arch and process and connects to the mandible. Its function is to elevate mandible
56
What is the buccinator? Where is it located?
located at maxilla and mandible connecting to the orbicularis oris
57
What is the playsma? Where is it located?
fascia of chest to the mandible (lower margin) corner of the mouth
58
What is the sternocleidomastoid? Where is it located? What is its function?
manubrium of sternum clavicle and connecting to mastoid process of temporal bone. It's function is flexing head and neck while rotation
59
What is the deltoid? Where is it located? What is its function?
acromion and spine clavicle of scapula and connects to deltoid tuberosity on humerous. it's function is to abducts, flexes or extends/ rotates
60
What is the pectoralis major? Where is it located? What is its function?
located on sternum, clavicle, costal cartilages and connects to greater tubercle. Its function is to flex, adduct, medially rotate
61
What is the trapezius? Where is it located? What is its function?
originates at occipital bone, C1-T12 and connects to acromion and spine of clavicle and scapula. It's function is to rotate, adduct, elevate, depress, stabilize scapula and extend and rotate the head
62
what is the latissimus dorsi? Where is it located? What is its function?
T7-L5 vertebrae, iliac crest and ribs connecting to proximal intertubercule groove of humerus. It's function is to extend and adduct humerus
63
What is the erector spinae?
vertebrae, sacrum, iliac crest connecting to vertebrae,ribs
64
What is the rectus abdominus?
originates at pubic crest/ symphasis and connects toxiphoid process of sternum
65
What is the external oblique?
originates at lower eight ribs and connects to iliac crest, linea alba, pubis
66
What is the internal oblique?
originates at lumbodorsal fascia and iliac crest and connects to linea alba and ribs 10-12
67
What is the transverse abdominus?
orginates at lumbodorsal fascia. iliac crest, cartilages of ribs 7-10 and connects to linea alba and pubis crest
68
What is the iliopsoas?
originates at ilium and T/L vertebrae (T12-L5) and connects to lesser trochanter of femur. It's function is to flex
69
What is the sartorius?
originates at anterior superior iliac spine and connects to proximal medial surface of the tibia
70
What is the rectus femoris? Where is it located and what is its function?
originates at anterior inferior illiac spine and superior margin of acetabulum and connects to tibial tuberosit. Its function is to extend leg and flex thighs
71
What is the vastus lateralis? Where is it located and what is its function?
originates at greater trochanter of femur and connects to tibial tuberosity. Its function is to extend the leg
72
What is the vastus intermedius? Where is it located and what is its function?
Originates on anterior and lateral surfaces and linea aspera of femur and connects to tibial tuberosity. Its function is to extend the leg
73
What is the vastus medialis? Where is it located and what is its function?
originates at linea aspera of femus and connects to tibial tuberosity. its function is to extend the leg
74
What are the three adductor muscles?
magnus, longus, and brevis
75
What is the magnus adductor muscle?
originates at ischium and pubis of rami and connects to linea aspera adductor tuber of femur
76
What is the longus adductor muscle?
originates at pubis and connects to femur linea aspera
77
What is the brevis adductor muscles?
originates at pubis body and inf ramus and connects to linea aspera of femur
78
What is the function of the adductor muscles
adduct, flex, rotate laterally the thigh
79
What is the gluteus maximus? Where is it located? What is its function?
originates at illum-iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx and connects to gluteal tuberosity of femur. Its function is to extend the thigh and rotate laterally
80
What is the gluteus medius? Where is it located and what is its function?
Originates at illium and connects to greater trochanter of the femur. Its function is to abduct thing and rotate medially
81
What are the biceps femoris? Where is it located and what is its function?
originates at ischial tuberosity of ischium and femur distal, connecting to head of fibula. Its function is to flex the leg, extend and laterally rotate the thigh
82
What is the semitendinosus? Where is it located and what is its funtion?
Originates at ischial tuberosity of ischium and connects to proximal medial surface of tibia. Its function is to flex the leg and extend a medially rotate the thigh
83
What is the semimembranosus? Where is it located and what is its function?
Originates at ischial tuberosity of ischium and connects to proximal of tibia. Its function is to flex the leg and extend and medially rotate the thigh
84
What is the gastrocnemius? Where is it located and what is its function?
Originates at medial and leteral condyle of femur and connects to calcaneus. Its function is to plantar flexes of foot and flex leg
85
What is the soleus? Where is it located and what is its function?
originates a head and proximal shaft of fibula and posterior, medial shaft of tibia connecting to calcaneus. Its function is plantar flexes in the foot
86
What is the tibialis anterior? Where is it located and what is its function?
Originates at lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia and connects to 1st metatarsal base medial cuneiform. Its function is dorsiflexes of the foot
87
What is the fibularis/peroneus?
Originates at fibula-proximal and connects to 1st metatarsal
88
What is the extensor digitorum longus?
Originates at lateral condyle of tibia and proximal fibula connecting to mid and distal phalanges 2-2-5 surfaces
89
What are the biceps brachii? Where are they located? What is there function?
Originates at superior margin of the scapula's glenoid cavity and coracoid process and connects to radial tuberosity of radius. Its function is to flex forearm and flex humerus
90
What are the brachialis? Where are they located? what is their function?
Originates at distal half, anterior of humerus and connects to coronoid process of ulna. its function is to flex forearm
91
What is brachioradialis?
Located at distal anterior of humerus and connects to styloid process of radius
92
What is the flexor digitorum superficialis?
distal part of humerus, ulna, and radius connecting to middle phalanges 2-5
93
What is the flexor carpi ulnaris?
originates at distal medial epicondyle of humerus and connects to 5th metacarpal carpals
94
What is the flexor carpi radialis?
originates at medial epicondyle of humerus and connects to 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
95
What is triceps brachii? Where are they located? What is their function?
originates at inferior to glenoid cavity and posterior surface of humerus and connecting to olecranon process of ulna. Its function is to extend forearm and extend and adduct humerus
96
What is the extensor digitorum?
originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus and connects to phalanges 2-5
97
What is the extensor carpi ulnaris?
originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus and connects to 5th metacarpal
98
What is the extensor carpi radialis longus?
originates at lateral epicondyle of humerus and connects to 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
99
What is the pronator teres?
originates at distal humerus and coronoid process of ulna and connects to middle shaft of radius
