Wk 2 Cephalosporins

Question 1

Cephalosporins are similar in structure to

Answer 1

penicillins

Question 2

What is the MOA of cephalosporins?

Answer 2

Inhibit cell wall synthesis through the same penicillin binding protein and activate autolysis

Question 3

Cephalosporins are often resistant to __-__

Answer 3

beta-lactamase

Question 4

Cephalosporins are low __

Answer 4

toxicity

Question 5

You should avoid cephalosporins if that patient has an __ penicillin allergy

Answer 5

anaphylactic

Question 6

How many generations of cephalosporins are there?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

Cephalosporins are safe for __ and are considered category B

Answer 7

Pregnancy

Question 8

Cephalosporins have a __-__ with penicillin

Answer 8

Cross-sensitivity

Question 9

What type of bacteria do cephalosporins not work against?

Answer 9

Enterococcus

Question 10

1st generation cephalosporins have more action again gram-__ bacteria

Answer 10

positive

Question 11

What generation of cephalosporins has the greatest action against gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 11

5th

Question 12

What type of bacteria is more difficult to treat?

Answer 12

gram-negative

Question 13

What are the 6 most common adverse effects of all cephalosporins?

Answer 13

Mild diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Rash
Pruritus
Redness
Edema

Question 14

Cephalosporins have the same indications as __

Answer 14

penicillins

Question 15

Cephalosporins have poor __ absorption

Answer 15

oral

Question 16

How many types of cephalosporins are there?

Answer 16

18

Question 17

How many cephalosporins are available PO?

Answer 17

10

Question 18

What are the two 1st generation cephalosporins?

Answer 18

cefazolin and cephalexin

Question 19

What is the trade name of cephalexin?

Answer 19

Keflex

Question 20

What is the trade name of cefazolin?

Answer 20

Kefzol/Ancef

Question 21

1st generation cephalosporins work well on what type of bacteria?

Answer 21

Gram-positive

Question 22

What type of infections do 1st generation cephalosporins work on?

Answer 22

Staph and non-enterococcal strep infections

Question 23

What routes are cefazolin administered?

Answer 23

IV only

Question 24

What routes are cephalexin administered?

Answer 24

PO and IV

Question 25

Cephalexin is commonly given in what setting and for what?

Answer 25

Outpatient for skin infections and UTIs

Question 26

Which 1st generation cephalosporin is commonly given for surgical prophylaxis?

Answer 26

cefazolin

Question 27

1st generation cephalosporins are not given for what type of infection?

Answer 27

CNS infections because they cannot penetrate the blood brain barrier or CSF

Question 28

What are the 2nd generation cephalosporins? (2)

Answer 28

Cefuroxime and cefotetan

Question 29

2nd generation cephalosporins cover what types of bacteria?

Answer 29

All the gram-positive of the first generation and some gram-negative

Question 30

Cefotetan works on __ bacteria, including __ bacteria

Answer 30

intestinal, anaerobic

Question 31

2nd generation cephalosporins have minimal penetration on the __ __ __

Answer 31

blood brain barrier

Question 32

2nd generation cephalosporins do not work on __

Answer 32

Pseudomonas

Question 33

Cefuroxime does not kill __ bacteria

Answer 33

anaerobic

Question 34

What are three 3rd generation cephalosporins?

Answer 34

Ceftriaxone Ceftazidime Cefotaxine

Question 35

What is the most potent against gram negative bacteria?

Answer 35

3rd generation

Question 36

3rd generation cephalosporins do not work against what type of bacteria?

Answer 36

Gram-positive

Question 37

What routes are 3rd generation cephalosporins given?

Answer 37

IV and IM only, only certain ones are given PO

Question 38

What 3rd generation cephalosporin can be given once per day?

Answer 38

ceftriaxone because it is extremely long acting

Question 39

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin is able to cross the blood brain barrier?

Answer 39

ceftriaxone

Question 40

Ceftriaxone is effective in treating CNS infections, including __

Answer 40

meningitis

Question 41

You shouldn't give ceftriaxone to patients with...?

Answer 41

liver failure

Question 42

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin works well on pseudomonas?

Answer 42

ceftrazadime

Question 43

What is the 4th generation cephalosporin?

Answer 43

cefepime

Question 44

What types of bacteria does cefepime work on?

Answer 44

Both gram-negative and gram-positive

Question 45

Cefepime can also do what?

Answer 45

Cross the blood brain barrier

Question 46

What types of infections can cefepime treat?

Answer 46

UTIs, skin infections and pseudomonas

Question 47

What drug is a 5th generation cephalosporin?

Answer 47

Ceftaroline

Question 48

What special organisms does ceftaroline work against?

Answer 48

MRSA, MSSA, some VRSA/VISA

Question 49

What organisms does ceftaroline NOT work against?

Answer 49

Enterobacter, pseudomonas, ESBL, klebsiella

Question 50

What is ESBL?

Answer 50

extended-spectrum beta lactamase

Question 51

What is MSSA?

Answer 51

methicillin susceptible staph aureus

Question 52

What is VRSA?

Answer 52

Vancomycin resistant staph aureus

Question 53

What is VISA?

Answer 53

Vancomycin intermediate staph aureus

Question 54

What organ do you need to monitor the function of if a patient is on ceftaroline?

Answer 54

Kidneys

Question 55

What route is ceftaroline given?

Answer 55

IV

Question 56

What is the newest cephalosporin?

Answer 56

Ceftolozane/tazobactam (zerbaxa)

Question 57

Zerbaxa is a cephalosporin combine with...

Answer 57

beta lactamase inhibitor