Wk 4 Liver

Question 1

The liver is the __ organ in the body

Answer 1

Largest

Question 2

How much does the liver weigh?

Answer 2

Around 3 pounds

Question 3

Takes up how much cardiac output?

Answer 3

7%

Question 4

Where is the liver located?

Answer 4

Right epigastric region

Question 5

The liver has a __ capsule that is divided into right and left lobes

Answer 5

fibrous

Question 6

What is the functional unit of the liver?

Answer 6

Lobules

Question 7

Lobules are made up of what type of cell?

Answer 7

Hepatocytes

Question 8

Hepatocytes are arranges around a __ __

Answer 8

central vein

Question 9

What type of cell is one of the only ones that can regrow and regenerate?

Answer 9

Hepatocytes

Question 10

The liver can be regrown if…

Answer 10

the remaining liver is healthy

Question 11

Where are Kupffer cells?

Answer 11

Line the inner liver capillaries and sinusoids

Question 12

What type of cells line the inner liver capillaries and sinusoids?

Answer 12

Kupffer

Question 13

What are Kupffer cells responsible for?

Answer 13

removing the bacteria and toxins from the blood

Question 14

What does the liver store and metabolize?

Answer 14

Fat, carbs, proteins

Vitamins, minerals

Question 15

The liver is a __ __ reservoir

Answer 15

blood volume

Question 16

How does the liver alter circulating blood volume?

Answer 16

Distends/compresses

Question 17

How does the liver filter our blood?

Answer 17

Removes bilirubin

Question 18

What is bilirubin?

Answer 18

A byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown

Question 19

What blood clotting factors does the liver make?

Answer 19

Prothrombin and fibrinogen

Question 20

How does the liver affect drugs?

Answer 20

Works on metabolization and detoxification

Question 21

List 5 major functions of the liver

Answer 21

Metabolism of micro/macro nutrients
Blood volume reservoir
Blood filter
Blood clotting factors
Drug metabolism and detoxification

Question 22

The portal circulatory system brings blood from where to the liver?

Answer 22

Stomach
Intestines
Spleen
Pancreas

Basically the lower body

Question 23

What vein brings blood to the liver, from the other organs?

Answer 23

portal vein

Question 24

The blood in the portal vein is __

Answer 24

deoxygenated

Question 25

The blood that is in the portal vein is rich in nutrients from...

Answer 25

the intestinal tract

Question 26

Where do the absorbed products of digestion go?

Answer 26

Directly to the liver and are sent to the lobules

Question 27

Where does the first pass effect come from?

Answer 27

The digested products from the small intestines go directly to the liver to be metabolized

Question 28

Because of the first pass effect, oral drugs typically have...

Answer 28

higher doses

Question 29

What 3 tests typically make up what is known as liver function tests?

Answer 29

ALT AST Alkaline phosphorous

Question 30

What are the labs that we look at concerning the liver? (6)

Answer 30

``` LFTs Bilirubin Serum ammonia Serum protein Serum albumin PT (prothrombin time) ```

Question 31

LFTs are not a great indicator of...

Answer 31

disease severity

Question 32

Conjugated bilirubin is __

Answer 32

direct

Question 33

Unconjugated bilirubin is __

Answer 33

indirect

Question 34

The liver is responsible for __ __ ammonia, so if it is not functioning...

Answer 34

breaking down, we'll see really high ammonia levels

Question 35

The liver is responsible for __ protein. If the liver is not function we will see...

Answer 35

creating, low protein levels

Question 36

Why does PT elevate?

Answer 36

Liver is responsible for making clotting factors

Question 37

What is another name for jaundice?

Answer 37

Icterus

Question 38

What causes jaundice?

Answer 38

Increased levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream

Question 39

When is jaundice noticeable?

Answer 39

Total bilirubin great than 2-2.5 mg/dl

Question 40

What are the 3 classifications of jaundice?

Answer 40

Hemolytic Hepatocellular Obstructive

Question 41

This type of jaundice is caused by an increased breakdown of RBCs

Answer 41

Hemolytic

Question 42

What is hepatocellular jaundice caused by?

Answer 42

liver unable to take up bilirubin from blood or unable to conjugate it

Question 43

What causes obstructive jaundice?

Answer 43

Decreased or obstructed flow of bile

Question 44

Why does hemolysis cause jaundice?

Answer 44

Because bilirubin is a product of RBC breakdown

Question 45

Bilirubin is also a by product of __ breakdown

Answer 45

heme

Question 46

Direct/conjugated bilirubin makes up what percentage?

Answer 46

30%

Question 47

Indirect/unconjugated bilirubin makes up what percentage?

Answer 47

70%

Question 48

When does an elevation of indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin occur?

Answer 48

Bilirubin overproduction OR impaired liver functioning

Question 49

What does an elevation of direct (conjugated) bilirubin occur?

Answer 49

Liver is working but can't get the bilirubin out such as bile duct obstruction

Question 50

If a patient is jaundice, what lab would the provider order?

Answer 50

Bilirubin

Question 51

Where do you look for jaundice in dark skinned people?

Answer 51

Sclera of the eyes, palms of hands and soles of the feet

Question 52

If someone has jaundice their urine will be...

Answer 52

Dark

Question 53

If someone has jaundice their liver enzymes will be...

Answer 53

Elevated

Question 54

If someone has jaundice their stools will be...

Answer 54

Normal or clay colored

Question 55

What other symptom might someone present with if they have jaundice?

Answer 55

pruritus

Question 56

What gives our poop the brown color that it normally is?

Answer 56

Our liver releases bile salts into the stool

Question 57

If stool is clay colored you could have...

Answer 57

liver infection that reduces bile production or the flow of bile out of the liver is blocked