Does the Nervous System tell muscles how strongly to contract and for how long to stay contracted?
Yes
Does the Nervous System tell muscles when NOT to contract, or when to stop contracting?
Yes
Does the Nervous System tell muscles set the patterns of contractions that will meet the goals of the message (inflection, speaking rate, etc)?
Yes
Does the Nervous System require an interactive system?
Yes
Does the Nervous System scale movements?
Yes
Does the Nervous System update commands based on feedback (auditory, kinesthetic, air pressures, etc)?
Yes
Does the Nervous System coordinate movements in time and space to achieve the desired acoustic output?
Yes
What does a Direct Neural Pathway accomplish?
Muscle Activation
What is the Direct Neural Pathway?
UMN (Cortex) ->
LMN (Nerve) ->
Muscle
What does a Indirect Neural Pathway accomplish?
Regulating Muscle Tone
What is the Indirect Neural Pathway?
Subcortical Structures UMN (Cortex) -> [work in unison]
LMN (Nerve) ->
Muscle
What sort of muscle is innervated by Indirect Neural Pathways?
Smooth muscle
What does the Basal Ganglia Circuit accomplish?
Scaling Motor Programs (How big/small to make them)
What is the Basal Ganglia Circuit pathway?
Cortex (UMN) ->
Basal Ganglia ->
Cortex (UMN) ->
Nerve (LMN) ->
Muscle
What does the Cerebellar Circuit accomplish?
Monitoring & adjusting movements
What is the Cerebellar Circuit pathway?
Cortex (UMN) ->
Cerebellum ->
Cortex (UMN) ->
Nerve (LMN) ->
Muscle
Both the Basal Ganglia & Cerebellar Circuits _________ before "___________".
Communicate with multiple brain regions
Giving the indirect pathway their information
The Basal Ganglia & Cerebellar Circuits influence movement but never _______.
Descend to the LMN
Label the following:
A = Motor Area of the Cortex
B = Internal Capsule
C = Geniculate Fibers
D = Decussation of Pyramids
E = Anterior Cerebrospinal Fasciculus
F = Lateral Cerebrospinal Fasiculus
G = Anterior Nerve Roots
Label the following:
A = Glossalpharyngeal Nerve (IX)
B = Vagus Nerve (X)
C = Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
D = Accessory Nerve (XI)
E = First Cervical Spinal Nerve
F = Spinal Root of Accessory Nerve (XI)
Label the following:
A = Cervical Vertebrae
B = Thoracic Vertebrae
C = Lumbar Vertebrae
D = Sacral Vertebrae
What is this?
Trigeminal Nerve
What number is the Trigeminal Nerve? What is its focus?
V
Chewing
What number is the Facial Nerve? What is its focus?
VII
Facial Expression
What number is the Auditory-Vestibular Nerve? What is its focus?
VIII
Hearing & Balance
What number is the Glossopharyngeal Nerve? What is its focus?
IX
Tongue & Palate
What number is the Vagus Nerve? What is its focus?
X
Pharynx & Larynx
What number is the Spinal Accessory Nerve? What is its focus?
XI
Neck
What number is the Hypoglossal Nerve? What is its focus?
XII
Tongue
