5. Specimen collection for clinical laboratory investigation – basic rules and requirements. Venous and capillary blood for analysis

Question 1

1| At What Time must Blood, Urine and Other Samples Should be Collected?

Answer 1

Between 7 - 9am in Morning

Question 2

2| What Must you STOP Taking before the Investigation?

Answer 2

Stop Taking Drugs, Alcohol or Coffee

NO eating 12 Hrs BEFORE

Question 3

3| What Procedure Must be Before and During the Examination?

Answer 3

Physical Rest

Psychological Rest

Question 4

4| At What Position Should Blood be Collected?

and When?

Answer 4

15 - 20 min AFTER Being Seated

Question 5

4| What is Mandatory When Taking Blood?

Answer 5

Hands should NOT Hang Down

Question 6

5| What is the Final Step in Specimen Collection?

Answer 6

Strict Observation of Procedures:

• Venipuncture
• Urine Collection
• Collection of other Biological Samples

Question 7

What is Capillary Blood Used for?

Answer 7

Arterial Blood Gases

Glucose

Lactate

New born + Little Children

Question 8

Which Blood is Possible to be Drawn, Venous or Capillary?

Answer 8

Capillary Blood

Venous is Impossible to Draw

Question 9

What is Required When Drawing Blood?

Answer 9

Repeated Analysis

Short Period of Time

Question 10

Which Blood is Preferred to be Drawn, Venous or Capillary?

Answer 10

Venous Blood is PREFERABLE!

Question 11

Why is the Other Blood NOT Preferable?

Answer 11

Capillary Blood Mixture of Arterioli, Capillaries, Venules, Interstitial + Intracellular Liquid

It is NOT with Constant Composition

Depending on Blood Flow Towards Skin + Depth of Pricking

Question 12

What are the Errors of Capillary Blood Analysis?

Answer 12

Local Acidosis = Prolonged Vein Stasis

NOT Removing the 1st Drop of Capillary Blood

Wrong Tubes / Anticoagulants

Using Citrate INSTEAD of EDTA

Question 13

What are the Advantages of Blood Sample Collection for the Clinic and Laboratory?

Answer 13

Safety for Patients + Staff

Evacuated Tubes :

• Used Directly for Transportation + Centrifugation of Blood Sample
• Put Directly in the Analyzer for Testing the Probe

Shortens the Pre-Analytical Stage in Lab

Correct Ratio Blood : Anticoagulant

Shortened Period for Receiving Clinical Lab Result

Question 14

What is a Serum?

{PPT}

Answer 14

Non Cellular Portion of Blood that’s:

• Coagulated
• Centrifuged

Question 15

What Tests are Serum Used for?

{PPT}

Answer 15

Clinical Chemistry Tests

Question 16

What is a Plasma?

{PPT}

Answer 16

Non Cellular Portion of Blood that’s:

• Anti-coagulated
• Centrifuged

Question 17

What Tests are Plasma Used for?

{PPT}

Answer 17

Coagulation Tests

Question 18

What is Whole Blood?

{PPT}

Answer 18

Well Homogenised Blood

Containing Anticoagulant

Question 19

What Tests are Whole Blood Used for?

{PPT}

Answer 19

CBC = Complete Blood Count

DBC = Differential Blood Count

ESR = Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

Question 20

What is the Colour Coding of Evacuated Tubes?

{PPT}

Answer 20

White; Yellow; Red

Red; Purple

Green; Blue

Lavender; Black

Grey

Royal Blue; Orange

Question 21

Which Fraction of Blood is Used in White; Yellow; Red Tubes?

and WITH IF Additive, Which one?

and For What Test?

{PPT}

Answer 21

Serum

With Gel-Separator

For Chemistry + Immunology

Question 22

Which Fraction of Blood is Used in Red; Purple Tubes?

and WITH IF Additive, Which one?

and For What Test?

{PPT}

Answer 22

Whole Blood

With Na / K EDTA

For Hematology

Question 23

Which Fraction of Blood is Used in Green; Blue Tubes?

and WITH IF Additive, Which one?

and For What Test?

{PPT}

Answer 23

Plasma

With Sodium Citrate

For Coagulation Tests

Question 24

Which Fraction of Blood is Used in Lavender; Black Tubes?

and WITH IF Additive, Which one?

and For What Test?

{PPT}

Answer 24

Whole Blood

With Sodium Citrate

For Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Question 25

Which Fraction of Blood is Used in Gray Tubes?

and WITH IF Additive, Which one?

and For What Test?

{PPT}

Answer 25

Plasma

With K Oxalate = Inhibits Glycolysis

For Glucose Testing

Question 26

Which Fraction of Blood is Used in Royal Blue; Orange Tubes?

and WITH IF Additive, Which one?

and For What Test?

{PPT}

Answer 26

Serum + Plasma

With Non / Li Heparin

For Trace Elements Tests

Question 27

What kind of biological materials do we use for clinical biochemistry analysis:

{MCQ}

Answer 27

Serum

Question 28

Blood with sodium citrate is used for the the investigation of:

{MCQ}

Answer 28

Clinical-Chemistry Parameters

Question 29

Blood with EDTA anticoagulant is used for the investigation of:

{MCQ}

Answer 29

Coagulation Parameters