24. Immunoglobulins in the serum

Question 1

What are Immunoglobulins?

Answer 1

LARGE Y-Shaped Protein

Used in the Immune System

TO IDENTIFY + NEUTRALIZE Foreign Objects - Bacteria + Viruses

Question 2

What are the 5 Types of Immunoglobulins?

Answer 2

1. IgA = HIGH Conc in Mucous Membranes
2. IgG = MOST Abundant; ONLY ONE that Crosses Placenta
3. IgM = In Blood + Lymph Fluid; 1st to fight NEW Infection
4. IgE = Allergic Reactions
5. IgD = In SMALL amounts of Blood; B Cell Receptor

Question 3

What is the Serum Immunoglobulin Test?

Answer 3

Diagnosis + Monitoring

OF Monoclonal Gammopathies

OF Immune Deficiencies

OF Autoimmune Reactions

Question 4

What is Specimen is Required for the Serum Immunoglobulin Test?

Answer 4

Serum

Question 5

What are the Methods of Investigation for the Serum Immunoglobulin Test?

Answer 5

Nephelometry

Turbidimetry

• Where a light source is projected via liquid sample in a transparent container

Question 6

What Is Nephelometry?

Answer 6

Measures the Scatter of Light

As it passed through the sample

Question 7

What Is Turbidimetry?

Answer 7

Measures the LOW Intensity of Light

Question 8

What Conditions are Associated with the POLYCLONAL or OLIGOCLONAL INCREASE in Serum Ig Levels?

Answer 8

Acute / Chronic Infections

Autoimmune Disorders = Rheumatoid Arthritis, SLE, Hepatic Disease

Chronic Inflammation

Question 9

What Conditions are Associated with the MONOCLONAL INCREASE in Serum Ig Levels?

Answer 9

Multiple Myeloma

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

Primary Systemic Amyloidosis

Lymphoma

Question 10

What Conditions are Associated with the DECREASE in Serum Ig Levels?

Answer 10

Drugs = Immunosuppressants

Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic Renal Failure

Premature Birth

Nephrotic Syndrome

X-Linked Agammaglobulinema