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Clinical Laboratory > 11. Sodium and chloride > Flashcards

11. Sodium and chloride Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the MOST COMMON Cation in Extracellular Fluid?

A

Na, Sodium

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2
Q

What is Sodium Involved in?

A

ECF Balance

Nerve Impulse Transmission

Muscle Contraction

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3
Q

What is Sodium Regulated by?

A

Salt Intake

Urinary Output

Aldosterone

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4
Q

What is the Range of Na in Body?

A

135 - 155 mmol / L

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5
Q

When is Na Investigated?

A

Water-Electrolyte Balance Disturbance

Polyuria

Polydipsia

Acid-Base Balance Disturbance

Kidney Diseases

Hypertension

Oedemas

Endocrine Diseases = Hypothyroidism; Increased / Decreased Mineralocorticoids

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6
Q

What are the 3 Analytical Methods for Na?

A
  1. Flame Photometry
  2. Potentiometer
  3. Spectrophotometry
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7
Q

1| What is a Flame Photometry?

A

Based on Light Emitted

When the Metal Ions Tested Show Presence + Quantity

Different Metals = Different Colour + Intensity due to Concentration

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8
Q

2| What is a Potentiometer?

A

Measure Voltage

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9
Q

3| What is a Spectrophotometry?

A

Measure Amount of Light ABSORBED by Substance

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10
Q

What is the Cause of INCREASED Sodium (Hypernatremia)?

A

Kidney Problems

Water LOSS with Kidneys

IMPAIRED Secretion of ADH

Diarrhoea

HIGH Salt Intake

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11
Q

What is the Cause of DECREASED Sodium (Hyponatremia)?

A

Diuretic Drugs

Vomiting

Diarrhoea

Mineralocorticoid + Glucocorticoid DEFICIENCY

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12
Q

What is the Range of Cl in Body?

A

95 - 105 mmol / L

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13
Q

When is Cl Investigated?

A

Acid-Base Balance Disturbance

Water-Electrolyte Balance Disturbance

Emergency Causes

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14
Q

What are the 4 Analytical Methods for Cl?

A
  1. Potentiometer
  2. Spectrophotometry
  3. Coulometric Titration
  4. Mercurimetric Titration
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15
Q

1| What is a Potentiometer?

A

Measure Voltage

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16
Q

2| What is a Spectrophotometry?

A

Measure Amount of Light ABSORBED by Substance

17
Q

3| What is a Coulometric Titration?

A

Titration

Using Current = To Measure Cl

18
Q

4| What is a Mercurimetric Titration?

A

Measure Cl

19
Q

What is the Cause of INCREASED Chlorine (Hyperchloremia)?

A

Chronic Hyperventilation

Renal Tubular Acidosis

Infusion of Cholrides

20
Q

What is the Cause of DECREASED Chlorine (Hypo-chloremia)?

A

Vomiting / Diarrhoea

Diuretics

Cushing’s Syndrome

Clinical Laboratory (31 decks)

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