Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Laboratory > 14. Inorganic Phosphate > Flashcards

14. Inorganic Phosphate Flashcards

1
Q

How Much Phosphate Makes up the Skeleton?

A

80 - 85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How Much Phosphate is Found in the Extracellular Fluid

and in What Forms?

A

15% in ECF = as INORGANIC Sulphate

Intracellularly = as ORGANIC Phosphates; Phospholipids, Nucleic Acids + ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which Inorganic Phosphates are PRIMARILY found in the Skeleton?

A

Hydroxyapatite

Calcium Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do These Inorganic Phosphates (in Skeleton) Form?

A

HIGH Energy Compounds = ATP

Co-factors = NADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are These Inorganic Phosphates (in Skeleton) Involved in?

A

Intermediary Metabolism

Various Enzyme Systems = Adenylate Cyclase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the General Functions of Phosphate?

A

Muscle Contractility

Neurologic Function

Electrolyte Transport

Oxygen Carrying Hb = 2,3-DPG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Inorganic Phosphate Exists As in Serum?

A

Divalent Anion= (HPO4)2-

Monovalent Anion = (H2PO4)-

  • Which are IMPORTANT BUFFERS!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which Form of Phosphate is ONLY Measured in Routine Clinical Practice?

A

Inorganic Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is Blood Phosphate Derived From?

A

MOSTY from Diet = 60-80% Ingested is ABSORBED in Gut, Via Passive Transport

SOME from Bone Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What Regulates the Levels of Phosphate?

A

PTH = LOWERING Phosphate Levels

Vitamin D + Growth Hormone = INCREASES Phosphate Levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Role of PTH in LOWERING Phosphate Levels?

A

INDUCES Phosphaturia

  • Which is IMPAIRED Capacity to Reabsorb Phosphate
  • From the Glomerular Filtrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Role of Vitamin D in INCREASING Phosphate Levels?

A

INCREASES Intestinal Reabsorption

INCREASED Renal Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Role of Growth Hormone in INCREASING Phosphate Levels?

A

Main Regulator of Skeletal Growth

REDUCES Renal Excretion of Phosphate - HENCE INCREASED Serum Levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Analytical Method is Used to Measure Phosphate?

A

Spectrophotometric Determination of Coloured Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What Reaction is Used to Determine Inorganic Phosphate?

A

Phosphate + Ammonium Molybdate

==> Phosphomolybdate Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is Direct UV Measurement Used?

A

On Colourless Unreduced Complex

Absorption at 340 nm

17
Q

What is the Enzymatic Method?

A

Phosphorous Undergoes Enzymatic Reactions

Catalyzed by
- Glycogen Phosphorylase

  • Phosphoglucomutase
  • Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

NADPH Produced can be Used for Measurement

18
Q

What Type of Specimen is Preferred for Investigation of Phosporous?

A

Serum

As MOST Anticoagulants, EXCEPT Heparin = Interfere with Results + Show LOW Values

19
Q

Which Type of Specimens are NOT ACCEPTED for Investigation of Phosphorous?

and Why?

A

Hemolyzed Specimens

  • Erythrocytes Contain HIGH Level of Organic Esters
  • Which are Hydrolysed to Inorganic Phosphate, DURING STORAGE
  • HENCE Show INCREASED Value
20
Q

What is the Reference Range of Phosphate in Serum?

A

0.89 - 1.44 mmol / l

21
Q

How do Phosphate Levels Vary?

A

HIGH LEVELS = In Afternoon + Evening

LOW LEVELS = After Meals

22
Q

What are the Causes of HYPER-Phosphatemia?

A
  1. Increased Intake
  2. Increased Production
  3. Reduced Loss
23
Q

1| What are Examples of INCREASED INTAKE of Phosphate?

A

IV Infusion

Oral Supplementation

Vitamin D Intoxication

Acute Phosphorous Poisoning

24
Q

2| What are Examples of INCREASED PRODUCTION of Phosphate?

A

Tumour-Lysis Syndrome

Rhabdomyolysis

Hemolysis

Acid-Base Disorders = Lactic Acidosis; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Respiratory Acidosis

25
Q

3| What REDUCES the LOSS of Phosphate?

A

Renal Failure

Hypoparathyroidism

Acromegaly

Tumoral Calcinosis

Vitamin D Intoxication

Bisphosphate Therapy

Magnesium Deficiency

Multiple Myeloma

26
Q

What are the Causes of HYPOPhosphatemia?

A
  1. Inadequate Intake
  2. Excessive Loss
  3. Redistribution
27
Q

1| What are Examples of INADEQUATE Intake of Phosphorus?

A

a. Malnutrition
b. Malabsorption
c. Agents binding with Phosphate, REDUCING Absorption

28
Q

1a| Which Agents Reduces Absorption, When Bound to Phosphate?

A

Magnesium

Anti-acids

29
Q

2| What Causes EXCESSIVE LOSS of Phosphate?

A

Phosphate + Osmotic Diuretics

Continuous Dialysis

Hyperglycaemia

Hyperparathyroidism

30
Q

3| What Causes Redistribution of Phosphate?

A

SHIFT from Serum INTO Cells due to:

  • Carbohydrate Infusions
  • Hyperglycaemia
  • Hormonal Effects = Insulin / Glucagon

Clinical Laboratory (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions