8. Urine for clinical laboratory investigation Cerebrospinal fluid, body fluids and stool

Question 1

What are the 3 Categories of Lab Testing of Urine?

Answer 1

a. Chemical Examination
b. Bacteriologic Examination
c. Microscopic Examination

Question 2

What are the Different Types of Urine Specimen Collection?

Answer 2

1. Random Specimens
2. Clean Catch, Midstream Specimens
3. Timed 24hr and Catheterized
4. Diuresis = D24; D12; D6; D3

Question 3

1| What are Random Specimens?

Answer 3

Collected at ANY Time

1st Morning-Voided Specimen is Collected = 1st Time Patient Urinates in Morning

Question 4

1| How Should Random Specimens Be Collected?

Answer 4

Chemically Clean Receptacle:

• Glass
• Plastic

Question 5

2| What are Clean Catch, Midstream Specimens?

Answer 5

1) Begin Urine
2) STOP Midstream
3) Discard 1st Portion of Urine
4) Collect REMAIN in a Sterile Container
5) Vessel tightly sealed with patient’s name labelled; date of collection + Submitted for Analysis

Question 6

Which Urine Specimen Method is Preferred?

Answer 6

Clean Catch, Midstream Specimen

Question 7

Which Urine Specimen Method is MOST Difficult?

and Why?

Answer 7

24hr Timed Urine Collection

• Requires Patient Cooperation
• Incomplete Collection is a Frequent Problem
• Sometimes TOO MUCH Sample is Collected

Question 8

What are the Types of Urinalysis?

{PPT}

Answer 8

Macroscopic

Clinical Chemistry

Microscopic = Sediment Study

Semi-Quantitative = Single Portion of Urine

Quantitative = Diuresis Urine

Question 9

What is the Urine Storage Procedure?

Answer 9

Prevention of Growth of Microbes

Specimen to be refrigerated PROMPTLY AFTER Collection

Contain Chemical Preservative (If Necessary)

Question 10

What is Required for the Urinalysis for Infants and Small Children?

{PPT}

Answer 10

Special Urine Collection Bag,

ADHERED To Skin, Surrounding Urethral Area

Where Urine is transported into a collection cup and transferred into an Evacuated Tube w/ Transfer Straw

Question 11

What does the Macroscopic Urinalysis Show?

{PPT}

Answer 11

Urine Colour

a. Light Yellow
b. Yellow
c. Amber
d. Brown
e. Red

Question 12

What does the Clinical Chemistry Urinalysis Used to Test For?

{PPT}

Answer 12

Glucose

Bilirubin; Urobilinogen

Ketones

Specific Gravity

Blood

pH

Protein

Nitrite

Leukocytes Esterase

Question 13

What is Tested in the Semi-Quantitative Urinalysis?

{PPT}

Answer 13

Ketones

Glucose

Protein

pH

Question 14

What is Tested in the Quantitative Urinalysis?

{PPT}

Answer 14

Proteins

Glucose

Electrolytes

Hormones

Question 15

What is Tested in the Functional Test Urinalysis?

{PPT}

Answer 15

Creatinine Clearance

Question 16

For the qualitative investigation of urine is necessary:

{MCQ}

Answer 16

To Take the Urine in Fasting

Question 17

In viral hepatitis what can you find in urine?

{MCQ}

Answer 17

Bilirubin-negative

Urobilinogen-increased

Question 18

Mark the right answer for urine collection (diuresis)

{MCQ}

Answer 18

First Portion is Eliminated

Last Portion is Collected

Question 19

What Procedure is Performed for CSF Collection?

Answer 19

Lumbar Puncture

Question 20

Where is the Site for Lumbar Puncture?

Answer 20

Between 3rd + 4th Lumbar Vertebrae

Between 4th + 5th Lumbar Vertebrae

Question 21

What does CSF Collection Require?

Answer 21

Emergency Transport

Analysis

Question 22

What Procedure is Performed for Thoracic Cavity Collection?

Answer 22

Thoracentesis

Question 23

What is the Thoracentesis Procedure Helpful for?

Answer 23

Diagnosing Inflammation

Diagnosing Neoplastic Disease in the Lung / Pleura

Question 24

What Procedures are Performed for Fluid Collection from Pericardium + Peritoneal Cavities Respectively?

Answer 24

Pericardiocentesis

Peritonocentesis

Question 25

How Much Volume do the Pericardium + Peritoneal Cavities, Contain?

Answer 25

LESS than 50mL

Question 26

What Tests are the Pleural, Pericardial and Peritoneal Fluid For?

Answer 26

Chemical

Microbiologic

Cytologic

Question 27

How Must Pleural, Pericardial and Peritoneal Fluid Be Transported?

Answer 27

Protected from DIRECT Exposure to Light = Causing Breakdown of Bilirubin

Analysis of Unstable Constituents to be Kept at 4°C IMMEDIATELY AFTER collection

Transported on Ice