MCQ Variants Flashcards
- The basic laboratory parameters for body water balance assessment
include:
Hematocrit, MCV, Na+; Total protein, Albumin
- The lipid profile includes the following laboratory tests:
(1 Punkt)
Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Glucose, Fibrinogen
Total cholesterol, AST, ALT, LDL-cholesterol
Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, Triglycerides
Total cholesterol, TSH, FT3, FT4
Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, Triglycerides
- Which of the following enzymes is INCREASED in PERNICIOUS anemia:
CK
ALP
LDH
ALAT
LDH
- Which of the following parameters is the TUMOR marker of first choice in breast cancer:
CA 15-3
The PROTHROMBIN TIME TEST is used for evaluation of the:
(1 Punkt)
Extrinsic pathway of coagulation
Intrinsic pathway of coagulation
Intrinsic and common pathways
EXTRINSIC pathway of coagulation
- The specimen required for the QUALITATIVE urinanalysis is:
(1 Punkt)
first or second mid-stream morning urine portion
after toilet
diuresis urine
urine collected with catheter
all are correct
first or second mid-stream morning urine portion
Which laboratory tests are indicated in IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA:
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, ferritin, Vit B12
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, folate, TIBC
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, haptoglobin, TIBC
CBC, morphology of erythrocytes, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC
In HEPATOCYTOLYSIS the activity of ASAT and ALAT INCREASES:
(1 Punkt)
10 times or more above the upper reference limit
between 100 and 200 times above the upper reference limit
up to 2 times above the upper reference limit
remains unchanged
10 times or more above the upper reference limit
- Which vitamin deficiency predisposes to HAEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS
(1 Punkt)
Vit K
Vit C
Vit B12
Vit D
Vit K
- The densitometry narrow-based peak is called:
(1 Punkt)
M-protein
M-gradient
Paraprotein
All are correct
M-gradient
What is the correct sequence of events leading to blood clotting:
(1 Punkt)
Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation
Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, coagulation
Vasoconstriction, coagulation, platelet aggregation
Vasoconstriction, fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation
Vasoconstriction, PLATELET AGGREGATION, coagulation
Which of the following does NOT belong to the basic laboratory tests for IRON DEFICIENCY anemia
(1 Punkt)
CBC
Haptoglobin
Morphology of erytrocytes
Reticulocytes
Haptoglobin
- The diagnostic sensitivity of CREATININE can be INCREASED:
(1 Punkt)
with multiple testing
by conducting a Creatinine clearance
with measurement in CSF
with measurement in random urine
by conducting a Creatinine clearance
MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY may cause:
(1 Punkt)
hypocalcaemia and hypokalemia
hyperthyroidism
hypernatremia
hyperosmolalit
HYPOcalcaemia and HYOPkalemia
Proteinuria ABOVE 3.5 g/24h is typical for:
(1 Punkt)
Alport syndrome
Diabetic nephropathy
IgA nephropathy
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
- HYPERphosphatemia may be the result of:
(1 Punkt)
primary hyperparathyroidism
kidney failure
malabsorption
rickets
kidney failure
Which of the following statements about OSMOLALITY is true:
(1 Punkt)
Osmolality is the number of osmotically active particles in 1 liter of body water
It is theoretically calculated parameter
Osmolality is the concentration of osmotically active particles in 1 kilogram of body water
Represents the part of the formed elements to the total amount of blood
Osmolality is the concentration of osmotically active particles in 1 kilogram of body water
- Jaundice is also known as:
(1 Punkt)
Icterus
Hemophilia
Anemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Icterus
Which cytochemical analysis helps to differentiate LEUKEMOID REACTION from CML
(1 Punkt)
Nonspecific esterase
Sudan Black
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
Periodic acid Schiff
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
- INCREASED plasma concentration of D-DIMERS indicates:
(1 Punkt)
intravascular fibrinolysis
intravascular fibrinogenolysis
fibrinogen deficiency
thrombin deficiency
intravascular fibrinolysis
The reference range for TOTAL SERUM BILIRUBIN is:
(1 Punkt)
5.1 - 21 g/l
3.4 - 21 μmol/l;
17 - 34 μmol/l
0.8 - 8.5 μmol/l
3.4 - 21 μmol/l;
The activity of the Granulocyte ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE in LEUKEMOID REACTION is:
(1 Punkt)
in the reference range
significantly increased
significantly reduced
not informative
significantly increased?
- Which of the laboratory tests are indicated for the differential
diagnosis of JAUNDICE:
(1 Punkt)
Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin
ASAT, ALAT, ALP, GGT
All answers are correct
Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin
- Which of the following statements is NOT valid for DIC:
(1 Punkt)
it can result in the formation of blood clots as well as bleeding
it is an inherited disease
it has three phases
it is often associated with an underlying condition
it is an inherited disease
The RDW measures:
(1 Punkt)
the average concentration of hemoglobin in one erytrocyte
the total number of red cells
the average volume of one erytrocyte
the variation of the red cell size
the variation of the red cell size
- Which of the following leukemias is likely to show an EXTREME LEUKOCYTOSIS and THROMBOCYTOSIS
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute monoblastic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Chronic MYELOID leukemia
- Which is the STORAGE protein of Iron:
(1 Punkt)
Transferin
Ceruloplasmin
Ferritin
Haptoglobin
Ferritin
The laboratory result is a function of many factors influencing the FINAL
value:
(1 Punkt)
biological factors
pathological factors
factors in preanalytical stage
pathological, biological, preanalytical, analytical and postanalitical factors
pathological, biological, preanalytical, analytical and postanalitical factors
- The reference limits of the transaminases ASAT and ALAT are respectively:
0 - 200 U/L and 0 - 350 U/L
0 - 49 g/L and 0 - 35 g/L
0 - 49 U/L and 0 - 35 U/L
20 - 75 g/L and 25 - 100 g/L
0 - 49 U/L and 0 - 35 U/L
HYPERcalcaemia may occur in:
(1 Punkt)
primary hyperparathyroidism
rickets
hypoparathyroidism
malabsorption
primary hyperparathyroidism
A typical morphological feature of PERNICIOUS anemia are:
(1 Punkt)
microcytes
normocytes
megalocytes
microspherocytes
megalocytes
MICROALBUMINEMIA is an early marker for:
(1 Punkt)
Acute hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Diabetic nephropathy
Hyperparathyroidism
Diabetic nephropathy
What type is the IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA:
(1 Punkt)
Macrocytic, hypochromic
Macrocytic, hyperchromic
Normocytic, normochromic
Microcytic, hypochromic
MICROcytic, HYPOchromic
Mark the ERRONEOUS statement:
(1 Punkt)
PSA may be elevated in benign prostate adenoma*
PSA may increase shortly after prostate resection
PSA is a tumor marker for diagnosis of prostate cancer recurrence
PSA is an absolutely specific tumor marker for prostate tumor malignancy
PSA is an ABSOLUTELY SPECIFIC tumor marker for PROSTATE tumor malignancy
Mark the rule for collection of diuresis urine:
(1 Punkt)
collection after morning toilet
collection the whole urine from the first to the last portion
the first portion is eliminated, the last is collected
mid-stream urine portion
the first portion is eliminated, the last is collected
HYPERcholesterolemia is typical in:
(1 Punkt)
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
HYPOthyroidism
Which value defines HIGH atherogenic risk: !
(1 Punkt)
Total cholesterol > 5.0 mmol/L
HDL cholesterol > 1.15 mmol/L
Total cholesterol 6.2 mmol/L
LDL cholesterol > 4.0 mmol/L
6.2 mmol/L
LDL cholesterol > 4.0 mmol/L (says high risk is more than 4.15)
LDL cholesterol > 4.0 mmol/L (says high risk is more than 4.15)
HYPERglycemia is NOT observed in:
(1 Punkt)
Diabetes
Heart attack
Insulinoma
Brain attack
Insulinoma
Which of the following individual proteins is a POSITIVE acute phase
reactant:
(1 Punkt)
Transferrin
Prealbumin
Albumin
C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein
A bone marrow biopsy shows 5% MYELOBLASTS. The most likely
diagnosis is:
(1 Punkt)
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia
CHRONIC MYELOID leukemia
The reference limits of serum K + in adults are:
(1 Punkt)
3.5 - 5.6 mmol/ l
0.77 - 1.36 mmol/ l
2.12 - 2.62 mmol/ l
3.5-5.6 µmol/ l
3.5 - 5.6 mmol/ l
Autoantibodies against PANCREATIC ISLET CELLS (ICA) are laboratory
markers for:
(1 Punkt)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
The earliest laboratory marker of ACUTE MI is:
(1 Punkt)
AST
CK-MB
TnI
LDH
TnI
The FINAL phase of BLOOD CLOTTING includes:
(1 Punkt)
Formation of prothrombin
Formation of fibrin
Activation of factor X
Formation of thrombin
Formation of FIBRIN
The WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION of bilirubin is:
(1 Punkt)
Indirect bilirubin
Total bilirubin
Direct bilirubin
Unfractionated bilirubin
DIRECT bilirubin
Which of the following conditions is an indication for a CALCIUM test:
(1 Punkt)
disorders of the acid-base balance
rickets and osteomalacia
impaired glucose tolerance
atherosclerosis risk assessment
rickets and osteomalacia
- The HbA1c test is NOT applicable in DIABETIC patients with:
(1 Punkt)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes
Hemolytic anemia
Gestational diabetes
The results of the PT test are expressed as:
(1 Punkt)
mmol/l
minutes
INR, seconds and activity %
minutes and activity %
INR, seconds and activity %
Jaundice is caused by:
(1 Punkt)
Elevated uric acid in the blood
High hemoglobin in the blood
Increased bilirubin in the blood
Increased potassium in the blood
INCREASED BILIRUBIN in the blood
Which is the TRANSPORT protein of Iron:
(1 Punkt)
Ferritin
Transferin
Hemopexin
Hemosiderin
Transferin
PT is NOT prolonged in:
(1 Punkt)
overdosage of Vit K
factor VII deficiency
factor VIII defiency
liver diseases
factor VIII defiency
Which of the following laboratory parameters is used as a TUMOR
marker:
(1 Punkt)
Alpha fetoprotein
TSH
ASAT
Alkaline phosphatase
Alpha fetoprotein
Which CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY occurs in CML:
(1 Punkt)
Auer body
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome
Trisomy of chromosome 21
Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 13
Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome
Which test is used for assessment of the FINAL key phase of COAGULATION:
(1 Punkt)
Thrombin time
APTT
Hemoglobin
Bleeding time
Thrombin time
The expected laboratory constellation in ISOTONIC dehydration is:
(1 Punkt)
Decreased MCV, osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein and
hematocrit
MCV and osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein, increased
hematocrit
MCV in the reference range, high osmolality, increased total protein and hematocrit
MCV and osmolality in the reference range, increased total protein, decreased
hematocrit
MCV and osmolality in the reference range, INCREASED total protein, INCREASED
hematocrit
Which of the following pathological conditions is NOT among the main indications for examination of ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE:
(1 Punkt)
differential diagnosis of jaundice
rickets
bone diseases
prostate cancer
PROSTATE cancer
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE does NOT increase in:
(1 Punkt)
rickets
megaloblastic anemia
cholelithiasis
osteomyelitis
MEGALOBLASTIC anemia
The ANTIBODIES of the PRIMARY IMMUNE response are:
(1 Punkt)
IgG
IgD
IgA
IgM
IgM
The TOTAL and DIRECT bilirubin are NOT indicators for:
(1 Punkt)
Liver and biliary tract diseases
Hemolytic anemias
Congenital defects of bilirubin secretion
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Which of the following tests has the HIGHEST diagnostic reliability in
HYPERthyroidism?
(1 Punkt)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Parathyroid hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
The lipid profile test is used for:
(1 Punkt)
Evaluation of the glucose tolerance
Coronary risk assessment
Assessment of the liver function
Evaluation of the coagulation status
Coronary risk assessment
Indicate the reference limits for serum Na+ concentration in adults:
(1 Punkt)
136 - 151 mmol/ l
110 - 200 mmol/ l
96 - 110 mmol/ l
136-151 µmol/ l
136 - 151 mmol/ l
Which glycated proteins are used to assess the GLYCEMIA for
preceding period:
(1 Punkt)
Ferritin and transferrin
Haptoglobin and hemosiderin
HbA1c and fructosamine
Hb and ceruloplasmin
HbA1c and fructosamine
Which screening test is used for evaluation of the PLATELET and the
VASCULAR PHASE of hemostasis ?
(1 Punkt)
Bleeding time
aPTT
PT
Thrombin time
Bleeding time
The reference range for HEMOGLOBIN for MALES is:
(1 Punkt)
120-180 g/l
120-160 g/l
120-140 g/l
140-180 g/l
140-180 g/l
Which class of lipoproteins transports EXOGENOUS triglycerides:
(1 Punkt)
VLDL
Chylomicrons
HDL
LDL
Chylomicrons
Which test can be used for control and treatment with DIRECT
anticoagulants (HEPARIN):
(1 Punkt)
APTT
Fibrinogen
Platelets (PLT)
PT
APTT
Which of the following is NOT a cause of MACROCYTIC Anemia:
(1 Punkt)
Lack of intrinsic factor
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency
Fibrinogen is DECREASED in:
(1 Punkt)
diabetes
pregnancy
liver diseases
inflammation
liver diseases
GGT is located in the:
(1 Punkt)
cell membrane
cytoplasm
mytochondrium
cytoplasm and mytochondrium
cell membrane
ELEVATED serum FERRITIN and LOW TIBC are typical for:
(1 Punkt)
Fe deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Megaloblastic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Anemia of CHRONIC disease
Which of the following may be the cause for DIC:
(1 Punkt)
sepsis
cancer
complication of pregnancy
all of these conditions could lead to DIC
ALL of these conditions could lead to DIC
Reference range for the FASTING blood glucose test is:
(1 Punkt)
3.8 - 6.2 mmol/l
2.8 - 7.8 mmol/l
2.8 - 6.1 mmol/l
2.8 - 6.9 mmol/l
2.8 - 6.1 mmol/l
Which laboratory feature is NOT typical for IRON DEFICIENCY anemia:
(1 Punkt)
decreased serum iron level
decreased serum ferritin level
decreased MCH in red blood cells
decreased total iron-binding capacity
DECREASED TOTAL-IRON binding capacity
HYPERbilirubinemia with predominantly ELEVATED INDIRECT bilirubin is detected in:
(1 Punkt)
Bile obstruction
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Hemolytic anemias
Acute hepatitis
HEMOLYTIC anemias
Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION for OGTT:
(1 Punkt)
Gestational diabetes
Fasting blood glucose in the range 6.1-6.9 mmol/l
Patients with retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
Blood glucose >11,1 mmol/l on the second hour in postprandial glucose test
Blood glucose >11,1 mmol/l on the second hour in postprandial glucose test
- The transaminases ASAT and ALAT have priority organ localization
in:
(1 Punkt)
liver, lung, placenta
liver, muscles, heart
bones, erythrocytes, muscles
heart, prostate, bones
liver, MUSCLES, heart
HYPERkalemia occurs in:
(1 Punkt)
insulin treatment
treatment with diuretics (salidiuretics)
vomiting, diarrhea, massive burns
Massive Burns
massive burns
The DRINKING solution used for the OGTT contains :
(1 Punkt)
75 g of glucose
50 g of glucose
100 g of glucose
65 g of glucose
75 g of glucose
Blood with SODIUM CITRATE is used for:
(1 Punkt)
clinical-chemistry tests
coagulation tests
hematological tests
enzyme tests
COAGULATION tests
One of the most common MISTAKES BEFORE venipuncture is:
(1 Punkt)
conversation with the patient
selection of a vein site without haematoma
applying of a tourniquet for a short time
tapping and massaging of the vein
tapping and massaging of the vein
Which changes are typical for HYPOtonic HYPERhydration:
(1 Punkt)
the water enters the intracellular space, the MCV decreases
the water enters the intracellular space, the MCV increases
water moves to the extracellular space, the MCV increases
water enters the extracellular space, the MCV does not change.
the water enters the INTRACELLULAR space, the MCV INCREASES
Direct hyperbilirubinemia is present in the following cases of jaundice, except of:
(1 Punkt)
Hemolysis
Obstruction of the bile ducts
Drug-induced liver damage
Acute hepatocytolysis
HEMOLYSIS
Screening tests for HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS are:
(1 Punkt)
ATIII, HC II
f.VIII
PT, APTT, TT, PLT, fibrinogen
DBC
PT, APTT, TT, PLT, fibrinogen
Laboratory markers for BLOOD CLOTTING ACTIVATION are:
(1 Punkt)
PF 1 + 2, TAT
fibrinogen, PT
platelet count, TT
Protein C, ATIII
PF 1 + 2, TAT
In BENIGN HYPERimmunoglobulinemias:
(1 βαθμός)
the monoclonal protein concentration is > 20 g/ l
the other classes of immunoglobulins are not suppressed
monoclonal proliferation is found in the bone marrow
Bence-Jones protein is detected in the urine
the OTHER CLASSES of immunoglobulins are NOT suppressed
The antibodies of the PRIMARY immune response are:
(1 βαθμός)
IgG
IgD
IgA
IgM
IgM
The INCREASED plasma D-DIMER concentration is a marker for:
(1 βαθμός)
intravascular fibrinolysis
intravascular hemolysis
fibrinogen deficiency
thrombin deficiency
INTRAvascular FIBRINOLYSIS
HIGH atherosclerotic risk is related to the following serum concentration of TOTAL CHOLESTEROL:
(1 βαθμός)
up to 4.0 mmol/l
from 1.71 to 2.28 mmol/l
> 6.5 mmol/l
up to 5.2 mmol/l
> 6.5 mmol/l
Point out the WRONG statement:
(1 βαθμός)
PSA is never elevated in benign prostate adenoma
PSA may increase immediately after prostate resection
PSA is a tumor marker for recurrence of prostate cancer
PSA is a specific tumor marker for prostate tumor malignancy
PSA is NEVER ELEVATED in BENIGN prostate adenoma
ELEVATED serum URIC ACID concentration occurs in:
(1 βαθμός)
gout
xanthinuria
reduced protein intake
overdose of uricosuric drugs
Gout
The tumor marker of first choice in BREAST cancer is:
(1 βαθμός)
СА 19-9
СА 15-3
PSA
β-HCG
СА 15-3
Laboratory tests for CONTINUOUS BLOOD GLUCOSE monitoring include:
(1 βαθμός)
urinary sugar profile test
blood sugar profile test
postprandial test
oral glucose tolerance test
ORAL glucose tolerance test
BLOOD SUGAR Profile Test
The differential blood count (DBC) provides information on:
(1 βαθμός)
the distribution of WBC in %/ absolute number in peripheral blood
maturation forms of RBC in %/ absolute number in peripheral blood
the morphology of RBC in peripheral blood
the distribution of WBC, RBC, PLT in %/ absolute number in peripheral blood
the distribution of WBC in %/ absolute number in peripheral blood
ANURIA means:
(1 βαθμός)
Diuresis 100 ml/ 24h
Diuresis in the range 500 - 100 ml/ 24h
painful urination
Diuresis exceeding 2000 ml/ 24h
Diuresis 100 ml/ 24h
ELEVATED serum ALP activity occurs in:
(1 βαθμός)
heavy physical activity
adolescents and pregnant women
intake of carbohydrate-rich foods
dehydration
adolescents and pregnant women
The diagnostic sensitivity of CREATININE can be INCREASED by:
(1 βαθμός)
multiple Urea testing
measurement of the Creatinine clearance
multiple Creatinine testing
random urine testing
MEASUREMENT of the Creatinine clearance
HYPOkalemia occurs in:
(1 βαθμός)
treatment with insulin
hemolysis
massive burns
transfusion of expired blood
treatment with insulin
Which of the following parameters does NOT indicate CHRONIC liver failure:
(1 βαθμός)
low serum albumin
prolonged prothrombin time
elevated serum bilirubin
elevated serum acid phosphatase activity
ELEVATED serum acid PHOSPHATASE activity
Which of the following tests has the HIGHEST diagnostic RELIABILITY in HYPERthyroidism:
(1 βαθμός)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Parathyroid hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
MEGALOBLASTIC anemias are characterized by:
(1 βαθμός)
bone marrow with erythroblastic microforms
“blue bone marrow”
bone marrow with hypochromic erythroblasts
there are no characteristic changes in the bone marrow
“BLUE bone marrow”
PROTEINURIA is estimated by measurement of:
(1 βαθμός)
150 mg/24h in diuresis
100 mg/24h in diuresis
130 mg/24h in diuresis
50 mg/24h in diuresis
150 mg/24h in diuresis
Which of the following lab parameters does NOT reflect the FIRST PHASE of the DIC:
(1 βαθμός)
PF1+2, TAT, FPA, FM
аРТТ, TT
platelet count
differential blood count
differential blood count
The rule for collecting diuresis urine is:
(1 βαθμός)
midstream urine after toilette the genitalia
the first portion is discarded, the last is collected
the whole quantity from the first to the last portion is collected
urine is collected until the vessel is full
the first portion is DISCARDED, the last is COLLECTED
The LEVEL of TIBC is a direct indicator for the amount of:
(1 βαθμός)
ferritin
transferrin
reserve Fe
hemosiderin
transferrin
Serum TRANSFERRIN is REDUCED in INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES because:
(1 βαθμός)
anemia develops during infection
the transport of the iron is disrupted
it is a “negative” reactant of the acute phase
of gut inflammation
it is a “NEGATIVE” reactant of the acute phase
The OSMOLARITY is calculated on the basis of the concentration of the following analytes:
(1 βαθμός)
urea, glucose and sodium
glucose, sodium and potassium
chloride, sodium and potassium
urea, creatinine and sodium
Urea, Glucose and Sodium
Possible causes for HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS are:
(1 βαθμός)
DECREASED count or IMPAIRED function of PLATELETS
VASCULAR disorders
disorders affecting PLASMA COAGULATION FACTORS and FIBRINOLYSIS
all listed
ALL LISTED
HYPERglycemia is NOT observed in:
(1 βαθμός)
diabetes mellitus
myocardial infarction
insulinoma
CNS damage
insulinoma
ACUTE HEPATOCYTOLYSIS causes INCREASED ACTIVITY MORE than 10 times of:
(1 βαθμός)
ASAT and ALAT
ALP and ACP
ALP and GGT
LDH and ACP
ASAT and ALAT
Which of the following is a CONTRAINDICATION for conducting OGTT:
(1 βαθμός)
serum glucose concentration two hours after feeding above 11.1 mmol / l
borderline elevated fasting glucose levels
evaluation of patients with unexplained retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy
diagnosis of gestational diabetes
serum glucose concentration 2 hours AFTER feeding ABOVE 11.1 mmol / l
Serum ACID PHOSPHATASE activity is INCREASED in:
(1 βαθμός)
stroke
acute appendicitis
myocardial infarction
prostate cancer
prostate cancer
ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE is a lab parameter for:
(1 βαθμός)
muscle damage
kidney disorders
pregnancy
rickets
muscle damage
What are expected levels of Iron and TIBC in IRON DEFICIENCY anemia:
(1 βαθμός)
decreased Iron, increased TIBC
decreased Iron, decreased TIBC
increased Iron, decreased TIBC
increased Iron, increased TIBC
DECREASED Iron, INCREASED TIBC
Laboratory markers for ACTIVATING BLOOD CLOTTING are:
(1 βαθμός)
PF1+2, ТАТ
fibrinogen
platelet count
PrC/S, ATIII
PF1+2, ТАТ
Which parameter has the HIGHEST diagnostic value in HYPERthyroidism:
(1 βαθμός)
thyroid-stimulating hormone
follicle-stimulating hormone
parathyroid hormone
thyrotropin releasing hormone
THYROID-stimulating hormone
In granulocyte LEUKEMOID REACTION, the activity of granulocyte ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE is:
(1 βαθμός)
not changed
greatly increased
greatly reduced
depends on the number of the lymphocytes
greatly increased
Flow cytometric analysis allows:
(1 βαθμός)
immunophenotyping of leukemic blasts
microchemical analysis of cellular constituents
evaluation of erythrocytes by volume
evaluation of the synthesis of hemoglobin polypeptide chains
immunophenotyping of leukemic blasts
In CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA, the ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE is:
(1 βαθμός)
not changed
greatly reduced
greatly increased
functionally active
Greatly REDUCED
HYPERbilirubinemia with a PREDOMINANT INCREASE in UNconjugated bilirubin is found in:
(1 βαθμός)
bile duct obstruction
primary biliary cirrhosis
hemolytic anemias
acute hepatitis
HEMOLYTIC anemias
MICROALBUMINURIA is a laboratory marker for:
(1 βαθμός)
assessment of type II diabetes mellitus
assessment of the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy
assessment of type I diabetes mellitus
assessment of the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy
assessment of the risk of developing diabetic NEPHROPATHY
Which enzyme has INCREASED activity in PERNICIOUS anemia:
(1 βαθμός)
CK
ALP
LDH
ALT
LDH
Morphological substrate of ACUTE LEUKEMIAS are:
(1 βαθμός)
atypical leukemic cells
erythropoietic stem cells
Philadelphia chromosome
hairy lymphocytes
ATYPICAL leukemic cells
Which COAGULATION FACTOR are involved in the INTRINSIC pathway?
(1 βαθμός)
factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
factors III, VII
factors V, X, I, II, XIII
none of the above is correct
factors XII, XI, IX, VIII
Which statement is NOT valid for DIC:
(1 βαθμός)
hereditary disease
characterized by diffuse intravascular thrombosis and secondary
hemorrhagic diathesis
can lead to multiple organ failure
takes place in three phases
hereditary disease
The EARLIEST laboratory indicator of ACUTE MI is:
(1 βαθμός)
AST
CK-MB
Troponin I
LDH
Troponin I
SMUDGE CELLS (Gumprecht shadows) in a PERIPHERAL blood smear are specific for:
(1 βαθμός)
chronic myelogenous leukemia
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
erythroleukemia
CHRONIC LYMPOcytic leukemia
What is NON-Selective PROTEINURIA:
(1 βαθμός)
detection of high molecular weight proteins in the urine
presence of Bence-Jones protein in the urine
detection of low molecular weight proteins in the urine
presence of lipids in the urine
detection of LOW molecular weight proteins in the urine
Typical morphological feature of PERNICIOUS anemia are:
(1 βαθμός)
megalocytes
microcytes
microspherocytes
echinocytes
MEGALOcytes
Indicate the reference limits for IONIZED CALCIUM in ADULTS:
(1 βαθμός)
2,12 - 2,62 mmol/L
2,8 - 6,1 mmol/L
1,16 - 1, 32 mmol/L
1,5 - 3,2 nmol/L
1,16 - 1, 32 mmol/L
Which types of serum bilirubin are ELVEATED in CHOLESTASIS:
(1 βαθμός)
direct bilirubin and total bilirubin
indirect bilirubin and total bilirubin
both direct and indirect bilirubin
total bilirubin and urobilinogen
DIRECT bilirubin and TOTAL bilirubin
The evaluation of serum FERRITIN is an indicator for the amount of:
(1 βαθμός)
functional Fe
transferrin
reserve Fe
hemosiderin
RESERVE Fe
The ELEVATED concentration of Ig E is due to:
(1 βαθμός)
plasmocytoma
primary biliary cirrhosis
allergies and parasitic diseases
intrauterine infections
allergies and parasitic diseases
How many grams of glucose dissolved in WATER should the patient take for OGTT:
75g
EXTENDED laboratory tests for HEMOLYTIC Anemia include:
(1 βαθμός)
osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, haptoglobin, bilirubin
immunoelectrophoresis, ceruloplasmin, ferritin
transferrin, ferritin, total protein
morphology of cells in the bone marrow
transferrin, ferritin, total protein
The serum is:
(1 βαθμός)
the liquid phase of blood taken without anticoagulant and does not include fibrinogen
the liquid phase of blood taken with an anticoagulant and does not include fibrinogen
the liquid phase of blood taken without anticoagulant and includes fibrinogen
the liquid phase of blood taken with an anticoagulant and includes fibrinogen
the liquid phase of blood taken WITHOUT ANTICOAGULANT and does NOT include FIBRINOGEN
