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620: Clinical Human Anatomy > Neck Information > Flashcards

Neck Information Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament limits what movement?

A

Extension

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2
Q

The posterior longitudinal ligament limits what movement?

A

Flexion

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3
Q

The ligamentum nuchae (supraspinous ligament) limits what movement?

A

flexion

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4
Q

The interspinous/intertransverse ligament limits what movement?

A

Flexion and Rotation/Lateral Flexion

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5
Q

The ligamentum flavum limits what movement?

A

Flexion and Rotation

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6
Q

Where does the ligamentum flavum do?

A

Attaches lamina of one vertebrae to another and reinforces articular facets

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7
Q

What is the first cervical vertebrae you can palpate?

A

C7

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8
Q

Which spinal nerves are included in the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

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9
Q

Which spinal nerve is responsible for regulation of breathing

A

C4 - Phrenic Nerve

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10
Q

Which spinal nerves are included in the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

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11
Q

Which muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

The external jugular veins are formed by the joining of what two veins?

A

posterior auricular vein and retromandibular vein

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13
Q

What do the external jugular veins drain?

A

Most of the scalp and side of the face

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14
Q

What do the anterior jugular veins drain?

A

The anterior aspect of the neck

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15
Q

The two superficial venous systems (external and anterior jugular veins) drain into what vein?

A

Subclavian Vein

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16
Q

What do the hyoid muscles do?

A

Move the mandible and hyoid

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17
Q

What is congenital torticollis?

A

A fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation or flexion of the head and/or neck

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18
Q

At what level does the hyoid bone fall?

A

C3

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19
Q

At what level does the thyroid cartilage fall?

A

C3/C4

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20
Q

At what level does the cricoid cartilage fall?

A

C5/C6

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21
Q

Where is the thyrohyoid membrane found?

A

Between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

Where is the criothyroid membrane found?

A

Between thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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23
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The organ of voice production and part of respiratory tract

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24
Q

Where is the larynx located?

A

between the lower part of pharynx and trachea

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25
Q

Which cartilage form’s the Adam’s apple?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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26
Q

The cricoid cartilage marks the end of what two structures?

A

Pharynx and larynx

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27
Q

Goiter is an enlargement of what gland?

A

Thyroid

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28
Q

What typically causes goiter?

A

Iodine deficiency

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29
Q

How can goiter be treated?

A

With radioactive iodine to shrink the gland

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30
Q

What is the major artery in the root of the neck?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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31
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk passes superolaterally to the right where it divides into what two smaller arteries posterior to the SC joint?

A

1) Right common carotid artery

2) right subclavian artery

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32
Q

The right subclavian artery arises form what?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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33
Q

The left subclavian artery arises from what?

A

the arch of the aorta

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34
Q

What arteries branch off of the first part of the subclavian artery?

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Internal thoracic artery
  • Thyrocervical trunk
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35
Q

What artery branches off of the second part of the subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical trunk

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36
Q

What artery branches off of the third part of the subclavian artery?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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37
Q

What are the two main veins that terminate in the root of the neck?

A

1) Subclavian veins

2) Brachiocephalic veins

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38
Q

Where do the subclavian veins begin?

A

at the lateral margin of the first rib

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39
Q

What drains into the subclavians veins?

A

external jugular veins (EJV) and anterior jugular veins

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40
Q

What forms the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Forms when the subclavian vein and IJV fuse just anterior to the anterior scalene

41
Q

What are the 3 pairs of major nerves in the root of the neck?

A

1) the vagus nerves
2) the phrenic nerves
3) the recurrent laryngeal nerves

42
Q

Where do the vagus nerves arise from, passes through, and enter into?

A

They exit from the jugular foramen inferiorly in the neck within the posterior part of the carotid sheath between the IJV and the common carotid artery. It then passes posterior to the SC joint to enter the thorax.

43
Q

Where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves arise from?

A

the vagus nerves in the inferior part of the neck

44
Q

What levels do the recurrent laryngeal arteries innervate?

A

T1-T5

45
Q

What do the phrenic nerves form from, passes through, and enter into?

A

They are formed at the lateral borders of the anterior scalene muscles and descend between the subclavian arteries and veins to enter thorax on each side of mediastinum

46
Q

What is the anterior triangle bounded by?

A
  • Anterior border of Sternocleidomastoid
  • Midline of neck
  • Inferior border of mandible
47
Q

The apex of the anterior angle is located where?

A

at the jugular notch in the manubrium

48
Q

What forms the roof of the anterior triangle?

A

The platysma

49
Q

What forms the floor of the anterior triangle?

A

The pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

50
Q

The anterior triangle is divided into haw many smaller triangles? What are they called

A

4

1) Submental
2) Submandibular
3) Carotid
4) Musclular

51
Q

What forms the submental triangle?

A

the body of the hyoid and the right and left anterior bellies of the digastric muscle

52
Q

What vein is formed in the submental triangle?

A

The anterior jugular veins

53
Q

What forms the submandibular triangle?

A

the inferior border of the mandible and the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle

54
Q

What forms the carotid triangle?

A

the superior belly of the omohyoid, the posterior belly of the digastric, and the anterior border of the SCM

55
Q

What is found in the carotid triangle?

A

The common carotid arteries

56
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

A baroreceptor that reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure

57
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

A chemoreceptor that monitors the level of oxygen in the blood

58
Q

What is located in the muscular triangle?

A

the infrahyoid muscles and viscera

59
Q

What are the main arteries found in the anterior triangles?

A

the common carotid arteries

60
Q

At what level do the common carotid arteries split and what do they split into?

A

They split at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage (approximately C4) into the internal and external carotid arteries

61
Q

What does the internal carotid supply?

A

The brain

62
Q

What does the internal carotid supply?

A

most of the structures external to the cranium including the structures of the neck, face, scalp, tongue, and maxilla

63
Q

What is the major vein in the anterior triangle?

A

internal jugular vein

64
Q

The IJV drains blood from where?

A

From the brain, anterior face, cervical viscera, and deep msucles of the neck

65
Q

How does the IJV exit the anterior triangle?

A

It passes deep to the SCM muscle

66
Q

What are the 3 nerves located in the anterior triangle?

A
  • Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2 and C3)
  • Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
  • Branches of Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and Vagus (CN X)
67
Q

What does the transverse cervical nerve innervate?

A

Skin over anterior cervical region

68
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve do?

A

It is the motor nerve of the tongue

69
Q

In what subdivided triangle is CN XII located?

A

Submandibular triangle

70
Q

In what subdivided triangles are the branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve located?

A

In the submandibular and carotid triangles

71
Q

What forms the posterior triangle?

A
  • posterior border of the SCM
  • anterior border of the Trapezius
  • middle third of the clavicle
72
Q

Where is the apex of the posterior triangle located?

A

Where the SCM and trapezius meet on the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

73
Q

What forms the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

The msucles covered by the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia (Splenius capitis, Levator scapulae, Middle scalene, and Posterior scalene)

74
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior triangle?

A

platysma and deep cervical fascia

75
Q

The posterior belly of the ____ subdivides the posterior triangle into how many triangles?

A

omohyoid

2

76
Q

What are the 2 subdivided triangles of the posterior triangle?

A

occipital and subclavian triangles

77
Q

What are the 3 arteries found in the posterior triangle?

A
  • Third part of subclavian artery
  • Dorsal scapular artery
  • Suprascapular artery
78
Q

Where does the third part of the subclavian artery supply blood to?

A

the upper limb

79
Q

Where can you palpate the 3rd part of the subclavian?

A

on the 1st rib

80
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular artery supply blood to?

A

the arterial anastomoses around the scapula

81
Q

The dorsal scapular artery may arise directly from the ____ part of the subclavian artery or independently off of the _____ trunk

A

third

thyrocervical

82
Q

The suprascapular artery is a branch of what trunk?

A

thyrocervical

83
Q

Where does the supracapular artery supply blood to?

A

muscles on the posterior aspect of the scpaula

84
Q

What is the major vein of the posterior triangle?

A

External Jugular Vein (EJV)

85
Q

What does the EJV drain?

A

most of the scalp and side of the face

86
Q

What nerves run through the posterior triangle?

A
  • Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
  • Roots of the brachial plexus (C5-T1)
  • The cervical plexus (anterior rami of C1-C4)
87
Q

What muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

A

SCM and trapezoid

88
Q

What parts of the brachial plexus are located in the posterior triangle?

A

All 5 roots which form the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus

89
Q

What does the cervical plexus consist of?

A

the anterior rami of C1-C4

90
Q

The superficial branches of the cervical plexus are _____ whereas the deep braches are ____.

A

Sensory

Motor

91
Q

What are the 4 sensory nerves of the cervical plexus

A

1) Lesser occipital nerve
2) Greater auricle nerve
3) Transverse cervical nerve
4) Supraclavicular nerve

92
Q

What does the lesser occipital nerve innervate?

A

the scalp behind the ear

93
Q

What does the Greater auricle nerve innervate?

A

Innervates the skin behind the ear and over the parotid gland

94
Q

What does the Transverse cervical nerve innervate?

A

the skin of the anterior cervical triangle

95
Q

What does the supraclavicular nerve innervate?

A

the skin over the clavicle and shoulders

96
Q

What are 2 motor nerves of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Ansa cervicalis

- Phrenic Nerve

97
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

The strap muscles (omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid muscles)

98
Q

What does the phrenic nerve innervate?

A

the diaphragm

620: Clinical Human Anatomy (29 decks)

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