Which kidney is lower and why?
The right is slightly lower due to the presence of the liver
What structures connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
the ureters
What structure leads urine from the bladder out of the body?
urethra
What 3 things are excreted?
Excess water, urea, and protein
The kidneys make up only 20% of body mass, but receive about __% of cardiac output. Why?
25%
for filtration purposes
What are the 2 functions of the kidneys?
- Filtration of blood
- Removes metabolic wastes from the body
What approximately is glomerular filtration rate per day?
180 L /day
What 4 things do the kidneys regulate?
- Blood volume and composition
- Electrolytes
- Blood pH
- Blood pressure
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
the nephron
What are the 2 components of a nephron?
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
What is the function of the renal corpuscle?
it is the initial filtering component
What is the renal corpuscle composed of?
a glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule
What is the glomerulus composed of?
capillaries
3 components of the renal tubule
1) proximal convoluted tubule
2) loop of Henle (descending and ascending)
3) distal convoluted tubule
What happens at the proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption of water, amino acids, glucose, and sodium
What happens at the descending loop of Henle?
water exits
What happens at the ascending loop of Henle?
sodium, potassium and calcium exit
What happens in the loop of Henle when there is not enough water in the system?
Water is retained in the descending loop and it is absorbed in the ascending loop
So, what in affect is the major function of the loop of Henle?
it regulates the concentration of urine
What happens at the distal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption of calcium, sodium, and water
What part of the nephron is affected by antidiuretics?
The distal convoluted tubule by making in less permeable to water and pushes the sodium out
