Renal System Flashcards Preview

620: Clinical Human Anatomy > Renal System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Renal System Deck (21)
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1
Q

Which kidney is lower and why?

A

The right is slightly lower due to the presence of the liver

2
Q

What structures connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

A

the ureters

3
Q

What structure leads urine from the bladder out of the body?

A

urethra

4
Q

What 3 things are excreted?

A

Excess water, urea, and protein

5
Q

The kidneys make up only 20% of body mass, but receive about __% of cardiac output. Why?

A

25%

for filtration purposes

6
Q

What are the 2 functions of the kidneys?

A
  • Filtration of blood

- Removes metabolic wastes from the body

7
Q

What approximately is glomerular filtration rate per day?

A

180 L /day

8
Q

What 4 things do the kidneys regulate?

A
  • Blood volume and composition
  • Electrolytes
  • Blood pH
  • Blood pressure
9
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

the nephron

10
Q

What are the 2 components of a nephron?

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

11
Q

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

A

it is the initial filtering component

12
Q

What is the renal corpuscle composed of?

A

a glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule

13
Q

What is the glomerulus composed of?

A

capillaries

14
Q

3 components of the renal tubule

A

1) proximal convoluted tubule
2) loop of Henle (descending and ascending)
3) distal convoluted tubule

15
Q

What happens at the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Reabsorption of water, amino acids, glucose, and sodium

16
Q

What happens at the descending loop of Henle?

A

water exits

17
Q

What happens at the ascending loop of Henle?

A

sodium, potassium and calcium exit

18
Q

What happens in the loop of Henle when there is not enough water in the system?

A

Water is retained in the descending loop and it is absorbed in the ascending loop

19
Q

So, what in affect is the major function of the loop of Henle?

A

it regulates the concentration of urine

20
Q

What happens at the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Reabsorption of calcium, sodium, and water

21
Q

What part of the nephron is affected by antidiuretics?

A

The distal convoluted tubule by making in less permeable to water and pushes the sodium out