Renal System

Question 1

Which kidney is lower and why?

Answer 1

The right is slightly lower due to the presence of the liver

Question 2

What structures connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

Answer 2

the ureters

Question 3

What structure leads urine from the bladder out of the body?

Answer 3

urethra

Question 4

What 3 things are excreted?

Answer 4

Excess water, urea, and protein

Question 5

The kidneys make up only 20% of body mass, but receive about __% of cardiac output. Why?

Answer 5

25%

for filtration purposes

Question 6

What are the 2 functions of the kidneys?

Answer 6

• Filtration of blood

- Removes metabolic wastes from the body

Question 7

What approximately is glomerular filtration rate per day?

Answer 7

180 L /day

Question 8

What 4 things do the kidneys regulate?

Answer 8

• Blood volume and composition
• Electrolytes
• Blood pH
• Blood pressure

Question 9

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 9

the nephron

Question 10

What are the 2 components of a nephron?

Answer 10

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 11

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 11

it is the initial filtering component

Question 12

What is the renal corpuscle composed of?

Answer 12

a glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule

Question 13

What is the glomerulus composed of?

Answer 13

capillaries

Question 14

3 components of the renal tubule

Answer 14

1) proximal convoluted tubule
2) loop of Henle (descending and ascending)
3) distal convoluted tubule

Question 15

What happens at the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 15

Reabsorption of water, amino acids, glucose, and sodium

Question 16

What happens at the descending loop of Henle?

Answer 16

water exits

Question 17

What happens at the ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 17

sodium, potassium and calcium exit

Question 18

What happens in the loop of Henle when there is not enough water in the system?

Answer 18

Water is retained in the descending loop and it is absorbed in the ascending loop

Question 19

So, what in affect is the major function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 19

it regulates the concentration of urine

Question 20

What happens at the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 20

Reabsorption of calcium, sodium, and water

Question 21

What part of the nephron is affected by antidiuretics?

Answer 21

The distal convoluted tubule by making in less permeable to water and pushes the sodium out