Which has greater intrinsic stability, the shoulder or hip joint?
hip
____ tilting of the pelvis changes the degree of lumbar lordosis
Anterior
_____ tilting of the pelvis changes the degree of hip abduction.
Lateral
When the trunk extends what does the sacrum do?
flex
When the trunk flexes what does the sacrum do?
extend
Which nerves and vessels supply the region from the abdomen to the anterior thigh?
Femoral vessels and nerves
Which nerves and vessels supply the region from the pelvis to the gluteal?
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves and vessels
Which nerves and vessels supply the region from the pelvis to the medial thigh?
Obturator nerves and vessels
The stability of the hip joint is dependent on what 3 things?
- Depth of socket
- Strength of joint capsule
- Attachment of muscles crossing joint
What 2 structures are located in the hip socket?
- Acetabular labrum
- Transverse acetabular ligament
Which ligament is a major player in the strength of the joint capsule?
Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament)
Why is the iliofemoral ligament also called the Y ligament?
The shape of the inverted Y attaches the AIIS and acetabular rim to intertrochanteric line
The iliofemoral ligament reinforces the fibrous capsule in what direction?
anterior
The iliofemoral ligament resists which movements at the hip while standing?
Hyperextension and lateral rotation
In other words it supports the trunk on the lower limb
Where does the iliofemoral ligament insert at?
the intertrochanteric line
What is the second ligament that reinforces the joint capsule?
Ischiofemoral Ligament
The ischiofemoral ligament reinforces the fibrous capsule in what direction?
posterior
The iliofemoral ligament resists which movement at the hip while standing?
hyperextension
What is the purpose of the ligament of the head of the femur?
Connects acetabular rim and transverse ligament with head of femur
What mnemonic can be used to remember the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
SAIL
- Sartorius
- Adductor longus
- Inguinal Ligament
What mnemonic can be used to remember what is located in the femoral triangle?
NAVEL
- Nerve
- Artery
- Vein
- Empty scape
- Lymph nodes
What is the natural angle of inclination in the hip joint?
125 degrees
If the angle of inclination is less than 125 degrees what is it called?
Coxa Vara
What is the result of coxa vara?
The limb is shortened which means the abductors are more effective. It also puts less load on the femoral head more load on the femoral neck
If the angle of inclination is greater than 125 degrees what is it called?
Coxa Valga
What is the result of coxa valga?
The limb is lengthened which means the adductors are more effective. It also puts more load on the femoral head less load on the femoral neck
Which muscles maintain pelvic height?
The abductors and adductors work in pairs to
maintain pelvic height and levelness
Stability of the hip depends on what when a leg is raised?
Actions of the gluteus medius and minimus
If the gluteus medius and minimus are weak what is the result?
The hip on the unsupported side sinks down so compensation comes from same side trunk bending which reduces torque. This also causes the hip adductors to eccentrically contract
What is Trendelenburg’s Sign?
Disorder found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip (gluteus medius and minimus) which results in waddling or gluteal gait
What nerve is damaged when someone tests positive for Trendelenburg’s Sign?
Superior Gluteal Nerve
