Knee and Leg Region

Question 1

What are the 3 articulations at the knee joint?

Answer 1

• Tibiofemoral
• Patellofemoral
• Proximal tibiofibular

Question 2

Which joint is considering the actual knee joint?

Answer 2

Tibiofemoral

The 2 condyles of the femur fit into the tibial plateaus

Question 3

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 3

Hinge Type of Synovial Joint

Question 4

What is the purpose of the patella?

Answer 4

Decreases wear on quadriceps femoris tendon

Question 5

When the knee is fully extended is the articular surface of the femur flat or rounded?

Answer 5

flat

Question 6

When the knee is flexed is the articular surface of the femur flat or rounded?

Answer 6

round

Question 7

The tibial condyle is con___ on the con___ femoral condyle

Answer 7

concave

convex

Question 8

What are the 4 ligaments of the knee joint?

Answer 8

• Anterior Cruciate Ligament
• Posterior Cruciate Ligament
• Lateral (Fibular) Collateral Ligament
• Medial (Tibial) Collateral Ligament

Question 9

Where does the ACL originate and insert?

Answer 9

Arises from the anterior intracondylar area of the tibia and inserts into the medial surface of lateral femoral condyle

Question 10

What motions does the ACL limit?

Answer 10

• posterior rolling of the femoral condyles on the tibial plateau during flexion
• posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee joint

Question 11

During what motion is the ACL taut? When is it lax?

Answer 11

Taut during extension of knee and lax during flexion of knee

Question 12

What is a common MOI for an ACL tear?

Answer 12

When the knee is hyperextended

Question 13

Where does the PCL originate and insert?

Answer 13

Arises from posterior intracondylar area of tibia and inserts lateral surface of medial femoral condyle

Question 14

What motions the does PCL limit?

Answer 14

• anterior rolling of the femur on the tibial plateau during extension
• anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperflexion of the knee joint

Question 15

During what motion is the PCL taut? When is it lax?

Answer 15

Taut during flexion of knee and lax during extension

Question 16

Which of the intracapsular ligaments is stronger?

Answer 16

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Question 17

Where does the LCL originate and insert?

Answer 17

Arises from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to insert on the lateral surface of the fibular head

Question 18

What structure separates the LCL and the lateral meniscus?

Answer 18

The popliteus tendon

Question 19

The LCL supports the knee against what type of force?

Answer 19

varus (adduction)

Question 20

Where does the MCL originate and insert?

Answer 20

Arises from the medial epicondyle of the femur to insert on the medial surface of the tibia

Question 21

What structure separates the MCL and the medial meniscus?

Answer 21

Nothing, the MCL is firmly attached to the medial mensicus

Question 22

The MCL supports the knee against what type of force?

Answer 22

valgus (abduction)

Question 23

What are menisci?

Answer 23

fibrocartilage plates on articular surface of tibia

Question 24

2 functions of the menisci

Answer 24

• Shock absorber

- Facilitates lubrication of articular surfaces

Question 25

Which ligament binds the anterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci?

Answer 25

Transverse ligament

Question 26

Describe the shapes of the medial and lateral mensici

Answer 26

The medial meniscus is C-shaped (broader posteriorly than anteriorly) The lateral meniscus is nearly circular

Question 27

The patellar ligament is a continuation of what tendon distally?

Answer 27

quadriceps femoris tendon

Question 28

Which ligaments are taught when the knee is fully extended to help contribute to stability while standing

Answer 28

The collateral ligaments of the knee

Question 29

While standing is the femur medially or laterally rotated on the tibia?

Answer 29

medially rotated

Question 30

Where is the COG in reference to the knee joint?

Answer 30

anterior to knee joint

Question 31

What makes up the "unhappy" triad?

Answer 31

ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus tear

Question 32

When the knee flexes, what type of rotation occurs at the knee joint?

Answer 32

The femoral condyles internally rotate on the tibial plateau

Question 33

When the knee extends, what type of rotation occurs at the knee joint?

Answer 33

The femoral condyles externally rotate on the tibial plateau

Question 34

When the knee flexes what way does the patella move?

Answer 34

down and posterior

Question 35

After 90⁰ of flexion what way does the patella move?

Answer 35

lateral over the femoral condyle

Question 36

What 2 lines make up the Q-angle?

Answer 36

- line from the ASIS to the center of the patella | - line from the tibial tuberosity to the center of the patella

Question 37

Males tend to have coxa ____, genu ____ and ____ of the foot

Answer 37

Coxa valga Genu vara Supination

Question 38

Females tend to have coxa ____, genu ____ and ____ of the foot

Answer 38

Coxa vara Genu valga Pronation

Question 39

What motions occur at the tibiofibular joint?

Answer 39

Although it is very rigid, it still moves anteriorposterior, up and down, and rotates.

Question 40

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

Answer 40

Tendonitis caused by the pulling force of the quadriceps femoris muscle on the patellar tendon which attaches to the tibial tuberosity

Question 41

Tibial torsion is associated with what problems at the ankle and foot?

Answer 41

Excessive pronation and flat feet

Question 42

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

Answer 42

Anterior Lateral Posterior

Question 43

The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment perform what action?

Answer 43

dorsiflexion

Question 44

The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 44

deep peroneal nerve

Question 45

The muscles found in the anterior leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?

Answer 45

anterior tibial artery

Question 46

The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment perform what action?

Answer 46

eversion

Question 47

The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 47

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 48

The muscles found in the lateral leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?

Answer 48

peroneal artery

Question 49

The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment perform what action?

Answer 49

plantarflexion

Question 50

The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 50

tibial nerve

Question 51

The muscles found in the posterior leg compartment get their blood supply from what artery?

Answer 51

posterior tibial artery