Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What side of the heart is larger?

Answer 1

Right side of the heart is larger than the left (cardiac notch)

Question 2

Which ventricle is larger (strongest)?

Answer 2

left ventricle

Question 3

Pulmonary vs. Systemic circulation

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation = Heart-Lungs-Heart

Systemic circulation = Heart-Body-Heart

Question 4

How many valves are in the heart?

Answer 4

4
2 atrioventricular valves
2 semilunar valves

Question 5

What are the 2 atrioventricular valves?

Answer 5

The tricuspid valve on the right side and the bicuspid on the left side

Question 6

What is the bicuspid valve aka?

Answer 6

mitralvalve

Question 7

What are the 2 semilunar valves?

Answer 7

The pulmonary valve on the right side and the aortic valve on the left side

Question 8

What is the tough, membranous sac that encases the heart called?

Answer 8

The pericardium

Question 9

What arteries supply blood to the heart muscles?

Answer 9

Coronary arteries

Question 10

What do the coronary arteries branch off of?

Answer 10

They are the first branch off of the aorta

Question 11

As the right coronary artery descends it gives rise to what artery that supplies the right ventricle?

Answer 11

The right marginal artery

Question 12

At the superior end of the IV groove, the left coronary artery divides into what 2 branches?

Answer 12

1) the anterior descending (interventricular) artery

2) the circumflex branch

Question 13

What does the Left anterior descending artery supply?

Answer 13

the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 14

What does the circumflex branch supply?

Answer 14

the posterior aspect of the heart

Question 15

What ensures there is blood flow to the entire heart when blood flow is blocked in one coronary artery?

Answer 15

Anastomosis

Question 16

Describe the flow of blood starting with the vena cave and ending with the aorta (include the valves it asses through)

Answer 16

Superior/Inferior Vena Cava –> Right Atrium –> Tricuspid Valve –> Right ventricle –> Pulmonary Semilunar Valve –> Pulmonary Trunk –> Pulmonary Arteries –> Lungs –> Pulmonary Veins –> Left Atrium –> Bicuspid Valve –> Left Ventricle –> Aortic Semilunar Valve –> Aorta

Question 17

Systole is the ______ phase

Diastole is the ______ phase

Answer 17

contraction (blood is pumped out of ventricles)

relaxation (blood fills the ventricles)

Question 18

What node is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 18

The sinoatrial node

Question 19

What is the sinoatrial node located?

Answer 19

In the posterior wall of the right atrium

Question 20

The SA node sends the signal to what node?

Answer 20

Atrioventricular node

Question 21

What is the function of the AV node?

Answer 21

It delays the impulse by 1/10 of second, allowing the atria to contract before the ventricles

Question 22

_____ fibers rapidly spread the impulse to contract throughout ventricles

Answer 22

Purkinje

Question 23

Which ventricle has the thickest walls?

Answer 23

left

Question 24

What effects doe training have on each atria and ventricle?

Answer 24

With physical training the left ventricle wall thickens. There is no increase in atria of right ventricle wall thickness even with training

Question 25

On an EKG the P wave represents what?

Answer 25

atrial depolarization (contraction)

Question 26

On an EKG the QRS interval represents what?

Answer 26

ventricular depolarization (contraction) and minimal atrial repolarization

Question 27

On an EKG the T wave represents what?

Answer 27

ventricular repolarization