Diseases of growing lambs Flashcards

1
Q

What are common clinical presentations of growing lambs?

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Found dead / clostridial disease
  • Coughing / respiratory disease
  • Trace element deficiency
  • Lameness
  • Neurological diseases
  • Skin diseases
  • Poor growth
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2
Q

What are differential diagnoses for diarrhoea in lambs?

A
  • Nematodirus battus
  • Parasitic gastroenteritis
  • Coccidiosis
  • Cryptosporidia parvum
  • Acidiosis
  • Clostridium perfringens type B - lamb dysentery
  • E coli
  • Salmonella spp.
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3
Q

What are clinical signs of crypto in lambs?

A
  • 3- 7 days old
  • Diarrhoea profuse
  • Dehydration
  • Can be fatal
  • Tenesmus, fever, weight loss
  • Sub clinical - poor growth
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4
Q

How do you treat crypto in lambs?

A
  • Supportive
  • Oral fluid - four/six times a day
  • Drug treatment - diclazuril / toltrazuril
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5
Q

What is the aetiology of coccidiosis?

A
  • Eimeria crandalis
  • Eimeria ovinoidalis
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6
Q

What are risk factors of coccidiosis?

A
  • High stocking rates
  • Inadequate colostrum
  • Mixing ages
  • Stress
  • Concurrent nematodirus infection
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7
Q

What causes acidosis in lambs?

A
  • Consumption of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates (grain, bakery waste)
  • Management of concentrates in growing lambs (sudden introduction of ad lib concentrates)
  • Stubble grain crops wheat and barley
  • Fall in rumen PH
  • Lactic acid production
  • Rumenitis
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Lead liver abscessation, fungal
    rumenitis and death
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8
Q

What are clinical signs + diagnosis of acidosis?

A
  • Sudden death
  • Dull, depressed, reluctant to move, teeth grinding, bloat, ataxic
  • Diarrhoea, dehydration
  • Dx = history, CS, PM
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9
Q

How is acidosis treated?

A
  • IV fluids
  • Multivitamins
  • Daily penicillin
  • Hay
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10
Q

What are differential diagnoses an treatment for bloat?

A
  • Ddx = hypocalcaemia, abdominal catastrophes, peritonitis, ascites, uroperitoneum
  • Tx = stomach tube, dimeticone, Red devil trochar
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11
Q

What are clinical signs of cobalt deficiency?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Anaemia
  • Slow growth
  • Debility
  • Watery eye discharge
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12
Q

how is cobalt deficiency diagnosed + treated?

A
  • Dx = co vit B12 levels in blood + liver
  • Tx = cobalt rumen boluses / drenches, Vitamin B12 injections
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13
Q

What breeds are predisposed to copper poisoning?

A
  • North ronaldsay
  • Suffolk
  • Blue faced leicester
  • Texels
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14
Q

What are clinical signs of copper poisoning?

A
  • Ataxia
  • Head pressing
  • Jaundice
  • Haemoglobinuria
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15
Q

How is copper poisoning diagnosed + treated?

A
  • Dx - History, clinical signs + PM
  • Tx - Sodium calcium EDTA, supportive therapy, Molybdenum + sulphur added to water
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16
Q

What can cause respiratory disease in lambs?

A
  • Pneumonia - respiratory viruses - PI3, RSV
  • Bacteria - Mycoplasma, mannheimia, pasturella
  • stress
  • Lung worm
17
Q

What are clinical signs of mannheimia haemolytica?

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Mucopurulent nasal discharge
  • Cough
  • Increased resp rate + depth
  • Dyspnoea
  • Death
18
Q

How would you treat mannheimia haemolytica? Prevention?

A
  • Oxytetracycline
  • Amoxicillin
  • Macrolides
  • Px = ventilation, hygiene, stocking rates, risk factors
19
Q

What are differential diagnoses in poor growth in lambs?

A

– Inadequate nutrition
– Parasitic disease especially anthelmintic resistance (next lecture)
– Trace element deficiencies
– Pneumonia
– Lameness (lameness lecture)
* Chronic joint ill
* CODD/FR/Scald
– Orf, Scab (skin diseases)

20
Q
A