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Y4 - Large animals > Diseases of the bovine eye > Flashcards

Diseases of the bovine eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are primary diseases of the eye?

A
  • Infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis - New Forest eye, Pinkeye
  • Bovine iritis - silage eye
  • Squamous cell carcinoma - cancer eye
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2
Q

What causes New forest eye?

A
  • Moraxella bovis
    -sometimes mycoplasma spp
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3
Q

What can IBK present as?

A
  • Lachrymation
  • Blepharospasm
  • Keratitis
  • Ulcer
  • Pannus - vascularisation
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4
Q

What is treatment of new forest eye?

A
  • LA eye ointment (orbenin-cloxacillin)
  • Sub-conjunctival injection - oxytet
  • Suture - eyelids
  • Eye patches
  • Photophobia = keep indoors
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5
Q

What are risk factors for IBK?

A
  • Flies
  • Woodland
  • Dust
  • Chaff
  • UV light
  • Virus / pneumonia
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6
Q

How can you prevent new forest eye?

A
  • Fly control - ear tags, pour-ons, permethrins
  • Graze away from fly habitat
  • Ventilation + fly control inside
  • Vaccine - USA
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7
Q

What is bovine iritis associated with?

A
  • Big bale silage feeding
  • Winter
  • Immune mediated reaction due to bacteria in silage going into eyes - problem from inside the eye = doesn’t show damage on fluorescein
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8
Q

CS of bovine iritis?

A
  • Early cases = constricted pupils
  • Patchy / multiple areas of corneal opacity
  • Glaucoma
  • White flocules in anterior chamber
  • later = vascularisation
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9
Q

What is treatment of bovine iritis?

A
  • Sub-conjunctival injection of
    -atropine
    -dexamethasone
  • +/-antibiotics
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10
Q

What animals get squamous cell carcinoma?

A
  • Breed disposition = herefords
  • Older animals (>5y/o)
  • Related to UV exposure
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11
Q

What should be done with SCC?

A
  • Invasive = involving = cornea, third eyelid, conjunctiva
  • Surgical removal / enucleation
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12
Q

What are common foreign bodies of the eye?
What can it lead to?

A
  • Grass seeds
  • Straw
  • Can lead to keratitis
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13
Q

What are secondary eye diseases?

A
  • Malignant catarrhal fever
  • IBR
  • Listeriosis
  • BVD
  • Septicaemia
  • Endotoxaemia
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14
Q

What is malignant catarrhal fever?

A
  • Ovine herpes virus 2
  • Invariably fatal
  • can be transmitted from sheep or buffalo
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15
Q

What are clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever?

A
  • “head and eye form” most common
  • Persistent pyrexia 41°C
  • Depressed - encephalitis
  • Nasal & mouth erosions
  • lymph nodes enlarged
  • Respiratory signs
  • Diarrhoea
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16
Q

What are eye lesions in MCF?

A
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Eyelid oedema
  • Blepharospasm
  • Corneal opacity - centripetal
17
Q

How is blue tongue differentiated from MCF?

A
  • Blue tongue =
    – inflammation of the mucous membranes, congestion, swelling and haemorrhages.
    – No diarrhoea, corneal opacity or ulceration / erosion in nasal or oral cavity
    – Sheep are generally the worst affected while cattle and goats do not usually show clinical signs
    – can carry the virus for a period of time
18
Q

What is IBR?

A
  • Bovine herpes virus 1
  • Latent carriers = trigeminal ganglion
    -recrudescence = stress
19
Q

What are clinical signs of IBR?

A
  • Pyrexia 41oC
  • Conjunctivitis & serous discharge
  • Corneal oedema
  • Nasal lesions & discharge
  • Severe milk drop
20
Q

What is listeriosis? CS? Tx?

A
  • Infection to brain via trigeminal / facial nerve
  • encephalitis
  • Circling
  • Unilateral facial paralysis
  • Depressed
  • Menace test = animal will move away but not blink
  • Tx = oxytet or penicillin
21
Q

What is seen with the eye in BVD?

A
  • Cataracts
22
Q

What is seen in the eye with septicaemia?

A
  • Hypopyon
23
Q

What causes sunken eyes?

A
  • Dehydration
24
Q

What causes blood in anterior chamber?

A

Bracken poisoning

25
Q

What can cause blindness?

A
  • CCN - cerebro-cortical necrosis - thiamine (vit B1) deficiency
  • Lead poisoning
  • Vitamin A deficiency
  • Twin lamb disease - sheep only
26
Q

What are signs of CCN?

A
  • Early cases = star gazing
  • -ve menace test = blind
  • +ve pupillary response to light
  • Nystagmus + convulsions
  • Opisthotonus
27
Q

What is treatment of CCN?

A
  • IV thiamine every 3-4hrs
    -vit B1 injection (Bimeda)
28
Q

What is seen with lead poisoning? Tx? Dx?

A
  • Any age - usually young cattle
  • Batteries, lead paint …
  • -ve menace test
  • Dilated pupils
  • Tremors + convulsions
  • Tx = Sodium calcium edetate (EDTA) IV + sedation
    -withdrawal period on meat / milk
  • Dx = lead in kidneys + history
29
Q

What is seen with vitamin A deficiency?

A
  • Growing cattle indoors
  • Roots + straw diet
  • Night blindness
  • -ve menace response
  • Dilated pupils
  • Oedema of optic disk
30
Q
A

Y4 - Large animals (78 decks)

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