Sheep neurological disease Flashcards
1
Q
What do you do with approach to neurological cases?
A
- History - age, how many affected, CS, speed of onset, time of year
- Full clinical exam
- Neurological exam
- Ancillary test - CSF tap
2
Q
What is seen when the cerebrum is effected?
A
- Altered mental state - depressed, hyperexcitable, disoriented
- Blindness
- Seizures
- Opisthotonus - recumbent + extended front legs + flexed hind
3
Q
What are examples of cerebral diseases?
A
- Bacterial meningitis
- Cerebrocortical necrosis
- Pregnancy toxaemia
4
Q
What is seen with a local cerebrum problem?
A
- Contralateral blindness
- Circling
- Proprioceptive deficits
E.g GID cysts, trauma, brain abscess
5
Q
What is seen with cerebellum problems?
A
- Altered head carriage
- Balance
– Ataxia not weakness
– wide-based stance - Dysmetria
– High stepping - intention tremor (inc. nystagmus)
- Congenital
– Cerebellar hypoplasia - Border disease Hairy
Shaker
– Cerebellar hypoplasia
6
Q
What is seen with vestibular system problems?
A
- Head tilt to affected side key feature
- loss of balance
- circling
- falling or rolling to one side
- spontaneous nystagmus
- Examples
– Middle ear infection - Unilateral facial nerve paralysis runs close to middle ear
7
Q
What is seen with brainstem lesions?
A
- Cranial nerve deficits
- Depression
- Ipsilateral hemiparesis
E.g Listeriosis
8
Q
What is seen in spinal cord lesions?
A
- Paralysis
- Skin sensation + pain sensation
*Proprioception
9
Q
What are common problems in young lambs (birth to 3 month old)?
Where are the lesions?
A
- Border disease - cerebellar
- Congenital swayback - spinal
- Drunken lamb disease + lamb nephrosis = cerebral
- Bacterial meningitis - cerebral
- Trauma
- Spinal abscesses - joint ill
- Listeriosis - uncommon
- Loupill ill - cerebral
10
Q
What type of virus is louping ill?
A
Flavivirus
11
Q
What are common problems from 3month old to adults?
A
- CCN
- Listeriosis
- Trauma accidents
- Gid cyst
- Louping ill
12
Q
What is CCN?
A
- Cerebrocortical necrosis
- Vitamin B1 deficiency
- Caused by diet change / worming
- CS = dull, blind, tremors, convulsions, disorientated
13
Q
How is CCN treated?
A
- Vitamin B1 IV - for 3 days
14
Q
What causes listeriosis?
A
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Feeding poorly preserved silage soil
- Typically affects 18-24month old - changing molar teeth
15
Q
What are clinical signs of listeriosis?
A
- Brainstem lesions - anorexia + depression, unilateral hemiparesis
- Cranial nerves affected - trigeminal nerve paralysis + facial nerve paralysis
