Bovine respiratory disease: Importance + causes Flashcards
1
Q
What are different causes of respiratory disease?
A
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Parainfluenza 3
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
- Bovine viral diarrhoea
- Pasteurella
- Mannheimia
- Histophilus
- Trueperella
- Mycoplasma
- Dictyocaulus viviparous
2
Q
What are design issues with the bovine lungs?
A
- Small lung volume for body size
- Large dead space
- No collateral ventilation of alveoli
- Alveoli easy to damage + difficult to recover
- Vasoconstriction of arteries + arterioles
- Poorly developed fibrinolytic systems
3
Q
What are consequences of respiratory diseases?
A
- Death
- Poor growth
- Drug cost
- Delay in age at first calving
- Reduction in subsequent milk yield
4
Q
What can increase risk of animal getting respiratory problem?
A
- Mixed age groups
- Shared airspace between age groups
- Group size
- Overstocking
- Mixing purchased cattle / multi-sourcing calves
5
Q
What seasonal differences affect diseases?
A
- Mixed housing at winter
- UV light kills viruses - summer
- Viruses thrive under damp conditions + protected by water droplets - winter
- Viruses + bacteria decay faster in dry conditions - summer
6
Q
What is shipping fever?
A
- Bovine herpes virus I + Mannheimia haemolytica
- Associated with stress of transport
- Spread by aerosol
7
Q
What is lungworm / husk?
A
- Dictyocaulus viviparous
- Larvae ingestion on pasture + insufficient anthelmintic / vaccine use
- Causes coughing + dyspnoea + pyrexia if secondary infection
8
Q
What are different types of cattle pneumonia?
A
- Aerogenous / inhaled infection
- Parasitic disease
- Interstitial pneumonia / fog fever
- Embolic pneumonia
9
Q
What is the pathology of fog fever?
Tx? Px?
A
- Acute pneumonia = 4-10days after move to lush pasture
- Open mouthed breathing + frothing, tachypnoea, anxiety
- If moved = likely to die
- Tx = steroids
- Px = gradual intro to new pasture
10
Q
What is embolic pneumonia?
A
- Haematogenous spread of bacteria from another place in the body
11
Q
What does IBR cause?
A
** Reduced milk yield *
* Occulonasal discharge
* Coughing
* Pyrexia
12
Q
What causes calf diphtheria? What are the CS?
A
- Fusobacterium necrophorum?
- Lesions in mouth / pharynx / larynx
- Pyrexia
- Difficulty eating / swallowing
- may be severe
- Pungent smell
13
Q
What can cause calf diphtheria? Tx?
A
- Mucosal injury
- Erupting teeth
- Unhygienic feed buckets
- Tx = antibiotics
14
Q
What can be subsequent to calf diphtheria?
A
- LAryngeal chondritis
- Inspiratory effort + noise
- Tx = antibiotics, NSAIDs, tracheostomy
15
Q
What can cause profuse nosebleed?
A
- Vena-caval thrombo-embolism
- Ddx = Blackthorn hedge
- NO Tx = slaughter
