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Y4 - Large animals > Backyard Poultry > Flashcards

Backyard Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

What are outdoor hybrid poultry breeds?

A
  • Black rock
  • Calder Ranger
  • Blue belle
  • Speckledy
  • Amber star
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2
Q

What are pure breeds?

A
  • Ancona
  • Brahma
  • Cochin
  • Malay
  • New Hampshire Red
  • Old English Game Bantam
  • Plymouth Rock
  • Scots Grey
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3
Q

What are commercial laying hybrids?

A
  • Isa brown
  • Hissex brown
  • Hy-line
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4
Q

What are commercial meat hybrids?

A
  • Ross
  • Cobb
  • Hubbard
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5
Q

What history should be taken with a phone call?

A
  • Location
  • Housing - environment
  • Management - feed, water, vermin
  • Flock details - source, health
  • Biosecurity measures
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6
Q

Why is housing important? what needs to be regulated?

A
  • Protection - adverse weather + predators
  • Temperature
  • Ventilation
  • Dustiness
  • Ammonia / other gas development
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7
Q

What can improper handling lead to?

A
  • Respiratory distress
  • Skeletal injuries
  • Stress
  • Dead
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8
Q

What are normal TPR for poultry?

A
  • Temp = 40-42 oC
  • HR = 120-160 bpm
  • RR = 20-130 brpm
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9
Q

When assessing a bird what should be checked?

A
  • Temp
  • Mouth
  • Oropharynx
  • External parasites
  • Vent
  • Abdomen
  • Feathers
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10
Q

What are external parasites of birds?

A
  • Lice
  • Red mite
  • Northern fowl mite
  • Scaly leg mite
  • De-plumbing mite
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11
Q

Where can you take blood samples of birds?

A
  • Wing vein
  • Right jugular vein
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12
Q

How can faecal samples be collected?

A
  • Cloacal swab
  • Dropping
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13
Q

What worm eggs could be seen?

A
  • Gizzard worm
  • Trichostrongyle
  • Heterakis
  • Gapeworm
  • Capilaria

Protozoal = Eimeria spp

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14
Q

What can be used for imaging?

A
  • Radiography
  • Ultrasound
  • Endoscopy
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15
Q

What should be seen in normal bird?

A
  • Dry nostril
  • Red comb
  • Bright eyes
  • Normal shaped beak
  • Present + shiny feathers
  • Clean vent
  • Straight toes
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16
Q

What are skeletal conditions of birds?

A
  • Fractures
  • Kyphosis
  • Scoliosis
  • Spondylosis
  • Bent breastbone
  • Rickets
  • Bent toes
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17
Q

What glands do birds have?

A
  • Uropygieal / preen gland = produce lipid secretion for feather maintenance
  • Within outer auditory canal
  • Ventral glands of cloaca
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18
Q

What are the functions of feathers?

A
  • Flight
  • Insulation value = temp regulation + incubation/brooding
  • Behaviour
  • Moulting
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19
Q

What is a brood patch?

A
  • Mostly caudal half of the ventral apterium (eg. Raptors, pigeon and passerines
  • Hormon controlled
  • Prior to laying, brood patch looses all/part feathers and highly vascularised
  • Many thermo-receptors
  • Subsequent cycle of moulting, feathers regrown
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20
Q

What are problems related to feathers?

A
  • Feather pecking
  • Moulting
  • Wing clipping
  • Nutrition
  • De-plumbing mite
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21
Q

How do you perform wing clipping?

A
  • Cut first 10 primary feathers on one wing - stop chickens from flying away - over fences
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22
Q

What are indicators of skin problems?

A
  • Discoloured comb = pale, purple, black, yellow, white flakes, white spots
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23
Q

What else is seen with skin problems?

A
  • Breast blisters
  • Wounds
  • Ear infections
  • Ringworm
  • Bumble foot
  • Spurs
  • Vent pecking
  • Erysipelas
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24
Q

how can you treat external parasites?

A
  • Flurolaner
  • Louse powder = louse + mites (if contain permethrin)
  • Scaly leg mite = surgical spirit
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25
Q

What are the internal parasites?

A
  • Capillaria- intestines = ill thrift + fatal
  • Heterakis - Caeca = ill thrift, vector (Histomonas)
  • Ascarids - intestines = ill thrift, impaction
  • Trichostrongyle - intestines = ill thrift, severe weight loss (Grouse)
  • Tape worm - intestines = ill thrift + weight loss
  • Gizzard worm - gizzard = fatal in young stock
26
Q

How can you treat internal parasites?

A
  • Flubendazole = licenced
27
Q

What are digestive tract problems?

A
  • Sour crop / crop mycosis
  • Impacted / pendulous crop
  • Impacted gizzard
  • Bacterial infections - E.coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Clostridium
  • Viral infections - Rota, Reo, Corona + Astrovirus
  • Nutritional diarrhoea
  • Nutritional disorders
28
Q

What is seen with the liver in a campylobacter infection?

A
  • Spotty liver
29
Q

What can cause non-infectious respiratory problems?

A
  • Tumours
  • Behaviour
  • Nutrition
  • Management
  • Environment
  • Physical
  • Chemical
30
Q

What can cause infectious respiratory problems?

A

*Infectious Bronchitis
*Avian metapneumovirus
* Infectious laryngotracheitis
* Mycoplasmosis
* Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
* Aspergillosis
*Gape worm
*Chlamydiosis – zoonotic
*Newcastle disease –notifiable/zoonotic
*Avian influenza – notifiable/zoonotic
*Pigeon paramyxovirus - notifiable

31
Q

What are signs or respiratory problems?

A
  • Nasal discharge
  • Noisy breathing
  • Head shaking
  • Blocked nares
  • Coughing,
  • Sneezing
  • Gasping
32
Q

What is seen with chlamydiosis?

A
  • Purulent ocular + nasal discharge
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Dull + depressed
  • No response to macrolides
33
Q

What is seen with Aspergillus fumigatus?

A
  • Birds gasping for air - young (dyspnoea)
  • Production drops
34
Q

What happens in each part of the reproductive tract?

A
  • Infundibulum = 0.5hr - capture ovum
  • Magnum = 3hr - albumin added
  • Isthmus = 1.25hr - shell membranes added
  • Uterus = 20hr - egg shell added
35
Q

What is the incubation of poultry species?

A
  • Chicken = 21 days
  • Turkeys = 28 days
  • Ducks = 28 days
  • Muscovy duck = 35 days
  • Pheasant = 24-26 days
  • Pigeon = 16-19 days
36
Q

What is candling?

A
  • 9-10d after incubation
  • Determine fertility of eggs - use small bright torch at broad end of egg in dark room
37
Q

How can you sex chicks?

A
  • Using feathers
38
Q

What are common breeder/layer problems?

A
  • Oviduct infection - E.coli
  • Egg peritonitis - common in good layers, ascites, peritonitis + dead
  • IBV infection = mish-shapen/weak eggs, watery whites, rough shell, cystic oviduct
  • M synoviae
  • Egg bound = lack of calcium
  • Vent gleet
  • Pyometra
39
Q

What viruses can be vertically transmitted?

A
  • Reovirus - viral arthritis
  • Retroviruses - lymphoid leucosis
  • Adenoviruses - marple spleen disease in pheasants
  • quail bronchitis
  • turkey haemorrhagic enteritis
  • egg drop syndrome
  • Astroviruses
40
Q

What bacterial pathogens can be vertically transmitted?

A
  • Salmonella
  • E coli
  • Staphylococci
  • Mycoplasma
41
Q

What fungal pathogens can be vertically transmitted?

A
  • Aspergillus spp
42
Q

What are common urinary problems?

A
  • Mainly nephritis + nephrosis
  • Non infectious =
    -water deprivation
    -water / feed quality
    -minerals, toxic substances + excessive salt
  • Infectious =
    -IBV - bronchitis
    -IBDV- bursal disease
    -Marek’s
    -Bacterial infections
  • Uroliths
43
Q

What are non infectious problems of the nervous system?

A
  • Poison - botulism, heavy metals, phenol + salt
  • Nutritional - deficiency - Vit A, Vit E, thiamine
44
Q

What are infectious problems of the nervous system?

A
  • Newcastle disease virus
  • Avian influenza virus
  • Aspergillus spp
  • Marek’s disease
45
Q

What diseases can affect the immune system of poultry?

A
  • Infectious bursal disease virus
  • Chicken anaemia virus
  • Marek’s virus
  • Reticuloendotheliosis virus
  • Reovirus
  • Haemorrhagic enteritis virus
  • Mycotoxicosis
46
Q

What anaesthesia is used for poultry?

A
  • Ketamine SC / IM
  • Iso / sevofluorane
  • Intubation
  • Raise head to prevent regurgitation of crop contents
47
Q

What analgesia is used for poultry?

A
  • Buprenorphine
  • Carprofen
  • Ketoprofen
  • Meloxicam
48
Q

How would you euthanise a poultry?

A
  • Pentobarbitone - IV wing, jugular
  • IM breast muscle after masking down
  • Intracardiac via long needle to thoracic inlet
  • Neck dislocation <3Kg
49
Q

Where would you take a blood sample in a waterfowl?

A
  • Medial metatarsal vein
50
Q

What are neonatal problems in waterfowl?

A
  • Starving
  • Yolk-sac infection
  • Yolk-sac retention / rupture
  • Chilling
  • Leg + wing deformities
  • Infections - E.coli, Aspergillus fumigatus
51
Q

What is angel wing how is it treated?

A
  • Excessive protein intake = urates deposited in soft joints
  • Tx = Decrease protein
52
Q

How is rickets treated in waterfowl?

A
  • Supplement Vit D
53
Q

What are repro problems of waterfowl?

A
  • Egg peritonitis
  • Egg binding
54
Q

what are viral infections of waterfowl?

A
  • Duck viral enteritis – Herpesvirus, live and inactivated vaccines
  • Duck viral hepatitis – Picornavirus, inactivated vaccine for breeders
  • Goose viral hepatitis (Derzy’s disease) – Parvovirus, inactivated vaccination breeders
  • Haemorrhagic nephritis, enteritis of geese - Polyomavirus, inactivated vaccine
  • Avian influenza – Orthomyxovirus, no vaccine in UK
55
Q

What are bacterial / fungal infectious diseases of waterfowl?

A
  • Mycoplasmosis
  • Salmonellosis
  • E coli
  • Pasteurellosis:-
  • P multocida
  • P anatipestifer
  • Chlamydiophilosis
  • Yersiniosis
  • Avian TB
  • Aspergillosis
  • Candidiasis
56
Q

What is the most common signs of disease in waterfowl?

A
  • Lameness
  • Lethargy
  • Weight loss
  • Sudden death
57
Q

What are non-infectious conditions of water fowl?

A
  • Bumblefoot
  • Oil contamination
  • Amyloidosis
  • Capture mycopathy
  • Fishing line and look injuries
  • Grass ball under tongue – dropped tongue
  • Wet feather – mould spores
  • Peritonitis
  • Frostbite
58
Q

What toxicities affect waterfowl?

A
  • Botulism
  • Heavy metals
  • Mycotoxins
  • Algal toxins
  • Plants
59
Q

What tumours affect waterfowl?

A
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Hepatic tumours
60
Q

What are reasons for penile prolapses?

A
  • Venereal diseases
  • Trauma
  • Significant cold weather
  • Excessive sexual stimulation
61
Q
A

Y4 - Large animals (78 decks)

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