Nematode and cestode infections in sheep Flashcards

1
Q

What are current problems with parasite control in sheep?

A
  • Drug resistance
  • Climate change
  • Parasites - large genomes
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2
Q

What are common nematode infections in sheep?

A
  • Nematodirus battus
  • Teladorsagia circumcincta
  • Trichostrongylus vitrinus
  • Haemonchus contortus
  • Dictyocaulus filaria
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3
Q

How do worms cause disease?

A
  • Damage lining of guts
  • Remove nutrients
  • Remove blood
  • Host immune response
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4
Q

What are clinical signs of nematode infection?

A
  • Reduced appetite
  • Poor weight gain
  • Diarrhoea
  • Anaemia
  • Death
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5
Q

What are the disease caused by nematodes?

A
  • Nematodirus battus - acute severe diarrhoea + death in lambs 6-12weeks
  • Teladorsagia - type 1 lambs first graing season mid summer
    -type 2 yearlings in winter months
  • Trichostronygus - black scour
  • Haemonchus contortus - adults + lambs, acute regeneratuve anaemia + bottle jaw
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6
Q

What is the nematode life cycle?

A
  • L1 + L2 live in faeces
  • L3 infective stage - migrates to pasture
  • Develops to eggs in sheep - 16-21days
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7
Q

When do different species of worm peak?

A
  • Teladorsagia - early summer
  • Trichostrongylus - late summer / autumn
  • Haemonchus - mid spring, late autumn
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8
Q

What is hypobiosis?

A

L3 late autumn early winter over winter period interupted development L4 stage inside sheep.
◦ Teladorsagia- clinical disease scouring and weight loss in yearling sheep
◦ Pasture contamination in spring and early summer
◦ Main way Haemonchus survives winter

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9
Q

How can you increase risk of resistance?

A
  • Treatment frequency
  • Proportion of population exposed to treatment in refugia
  • Under dosinng
  • Biosecurity - new strains
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10
Q

How can you test for anthelmintic resistance?

A
  • FECRT
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11
Q

When should you worm adult sheep?

A
  • Treat at lambing time - to reduce pasture contamination for lambs - leave portion untreated (Fit singles)
  • Treat thin ewes at tupping time
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12
Q

What are tapeworms found in sheep?

A
  • Monezia
  • Taenia hydatigena
  • Taenia ovis
  • Taenia multiceps
  • Echinococcus granulosus
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13
Q
A
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