Found dead, Clostridial disease + Notifiable disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are Ddx for sudden death in neonatal lambs? (<1 week)

A
  • Congenital issue
  • Birth Trauma (rib fractures, dystocia)
  • Starvation
  • Hypothermia
  • Clostridial Disease
    – Lamb dysentry
    – Tetanus
  • Neonatal infections
    – Meningitis
    – Septicaemia
    – Diarrhoea
    – watery mouth
  • Intestinal Torsion
  • Predators
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2
Q

What are Ddx for sudden death in older lambs?

A
  • Infections
  • Clostridial Disease
    -Pulpy kidney
    -Braxy
    -Abomasitis
    -Tetanus
  • Pasturellosis
    -B trehalosi
    -M haemolytica
  • Urolithiasis
  • Parasitic Gastroenteritis
    –Nematodirus battus
    -Acute Fluke
    -Haemonchosis
  • Rumen Acidosis
  • Plant poisoning
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3
Q

What are Ddx for sudden death in adult sheep?

A
  • Metabolic Disease
    – Hypocalcaemia
    – Hypomagnesaemia
  • Parasitic Disease
    – Fluke
    – Haemonchosis
  • Plant poisoning
    – Rhodendron
    – Yew
    – Laurel
    – Acorns
  • Infection
    – Pasturellosis
    – Toxaemia (mastitis metritis)
  • Clostridial Disease
    – Struck
    – Black leg
    – Black’s disease
    – Tetanus
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4
Q

What are common plant poisonings?
How are they diagnosed?

A
  • Yew, Acorn, Laurel, Rhododendron
  • Dx = PM, history + inspect fields
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5
Q

What causes pneumonic pasturellosis?
How is it treated?

A
  • Mannheimia haemolytica
    -normal inhabitant of nasopharynx
  • Tx = long acting oxytet / amoxicillin
  • Can vaccinate
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6
Q

What causes systemic pasteurellosis?
How is it treated?

A
  • Biebersteinia trehalosi - normal in URT
  • Tx = LA oxytet (can vaccinate)
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7
Q

What are clostridial disease often associated with?

A
  • Poor hygiene
  • Injury / trauma / insult / wounds
  • Endoparasites
  • Changes in diet
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8
Q

What are the different clostridial diseases than can cause enterotoxaemia / affect parenchymatous organs?

A
  • Cl. perfringens
  • B =lamb enterotoxaemia - dysentery
  • C = struck enterotoxaemia
  • D - Pulpy kidney nephrotoxic
  • Cl. novyi B - black disease hepatotoxic
  • Cl. speticum - braxy
  • Cl. sordelli - abomasitis
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9
Q

What clostridial diseases can cause myonecrosis + toxaemia?

A
  • Cl. chauvoei - blackleg
  • Cl. novyi A - big head
  • Cl. septicum - malignant oedema
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10
Q

What clostridial disease can cause neurotropic problems?

A
  • Cl. botulinum C = flaccid paralysis + death
  • Cl. tetani = spastic paralysis, often not sudden death
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11
Q

What is seen with lamb dysentery?

A
  • Bloody diarrhoea
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Lambs under 3 weeks old
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12
Q

What is the most common clostridial disease?

A

Pulpy kidney

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13
Q

What may be seen with pulpy kidney?

A
  • Ataxia
  • Opisthotonus
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14
Q

What is seen with abomasitis?

A
  • Bloat due to displaced + distended abomasum
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15
Q

What predisposes lambs to tetanus?

A
  • Castration wounds
  • Docking wounds
  • No vaccine
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16
Q

What predisposes lambs to braxy?

A
  • Frosty root crops
  • Autumn / winter time
17
Q

What predisposes lambs to black’s disease?

A
  • Secondary to fluke
18
Q

What are examples of clostridial vaccines?

A
  • Covexin
  • Bravoxin
  • Heptavac P
19
Q

What bacteria causes anthrax?
What is seen on PME?

A
  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Splenomegaly
20
Q

What is seen with foot and mouth disease?

A
  • Lameness
  • Blisters on tongue
21
Q

What are Ddx for FMD?

A
  • Orf
  • Bluetongue
  • Trauma
  • CODD
  • Foot abscess
22
Q

What are clinical signs of bluetongue?

A
  • Fever
  • Mouth ulcerations
  • Mucus from nose + ears
  • Swelling head + neck and coronary band
  • Lameness
  • High mortality
23
Q

What can contagious agalactica cause?

A
  • Mastitis
  • Arthritis
  • Keratoconjunctivitis
  • Abortion

*Weight loss
* Swollen joints
* Yellow + separated milk
* Shrivelled / swollen udders
* Less milk yield
* Swollen / infected eyes
* High temp