Bovine respiratory disease: Importance + causes Flashcards

1
Q

What are different causes of respiratory disease?

A
  • Respiratory syncytial virus
  • Parainfluenza 3
  • Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
  • Bovine viral diarrhoea
  • Pasteurella
  • Mannheimia
  • Histophilus
  • Trueperella
  • Mycoplasma
  • Dictyocaulus viviparous
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2
Q

What are design issues with the bovine lungs?

A
  • Small lung volume for body size
  • Large dead space
  • No collateral ventilation of alveoli
  • Alveoli easy to damage + difficult to recover
  • Vasoconstriction of arteries + arterioles
  • Poorly developed fibrinolytic systems
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3
Q

What are consequences of respiratory diseases?

A
  • Death
  • Poor growth
  • Drug cost
  • Delay in age at first calving
  • Reduction in subsequent milk yield
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4
Q

What can increase risk of animal getting respiratory problem?

A
  • Mixed age groups
  • Shared airspace between age groups
  • Group size
  • Overstocking
  • Mixing purchased cattle / multi-sourcing calves
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5
Q

What seasonal differences affect diseases?

A
  • Mixed housing at winter
  • UV light kills viruses - summer
  • Viruses thrive under damp conditions + protected by water droplets - winter
  • Viruses + bacteria decay faster in dry conditions - summer
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6
Q

What is shipping fever?

A
  • Bovine herpes virus I + Mannheimia haemolytica
  • Associated with stress of transport
  • Spread by aerosol
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7
Q

What is lungworm / husk?

A
  • Dictyocaulus viviparous
  • Larvae ingestion on pasture + insufficient anthelmintic / vaccine use
  • Causes coughing + dyspnoea + pyrexia if secondary infection
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8
Q

What are different types of cattle pneumonia?

A
  • Aerogenous / inhaled infection
  • Parasitic disease
  • Interstitial pneumonia / fog fever
  • Embolic pneumonia
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9
Q

What is the pathology of fog fever?
Tx? Px?

A
  • Acute pneumonia = 4-10days after move to lush pasture
  • Open mouthed breathing + frothing, tachypnoea, anxiety
  • If moved = likely to die
  • Tx = steroids
  • Px = gradual intro to new pasture
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10
Q

What is embolic pneumonia?

A
  • Haematogenous spread of bacteria from another place in the body
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11
Q

What does IBR cause?

A

** Reduced milk yield *
* Occulonasal discharge
* Coughing
* Pyrexia

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12
Q

What causes calf diphtheria? What are the CS?

A
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum?
  • Lesions in mouth / pharynx / larynx
  • Pyrexia
  • Difficulty eating / swallowing
  • may be severe
  • Pungent smell
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13
Q

What can cause calf diphtheria? Tx?

A
  • Mucosal injury
  • Erupting teeth
  • Unhygienic feed buckets
  • Tx = antibiotics
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14
Q

What can be subsequent to calf diphtheria?

A
  • LAryngeal chondritis
  • Inspiratory effort + noise
  • Tx = antibiotics, NSAIDs, tracheostomy
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15
Q

What can cause profuse nosebleed?

A
  • Vena-caval thrombo-embolism
  • Ddx = Blackthorn hedge
  • NO Tx = slaughter
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16
Q

What common procedure can cause aspiration pneumonia?

A
  • Drenching
  • Stomach tubing
17
Q

What are channel island + friesian cattle predisposed to?

A
  • Atopic rhinitis
  • Enzootic nasal granuloma
18
Q

What can be another differential to coughing cattle?

A

Bovine TB

19
Q
A