Applied Genetics in Cattle breeding Flashcards

1
Q

Why is genetics important in cattle breeding?

A
  • Prevention
  • Economics
  • Cumulative long lasting effects
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2
Q

What are quantitative traits we measure and breed for?

A
  • Milk yield
  • Muscle growth rate
  • most traits of economic interest
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3
Q

What affects quantitative traits?

A
  • Genes / genetics
  • Environment
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4
Q

What does high heritability mean?

A
  • Can more easily improve trait through genetic selection
  • Genes play more of a role than environmental factors
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5
Q

What is pleiotropy?

A
  • Genes affecting more than one trait
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6
Q

What are other traits of interest?

A
  • Feed efficiency/ dry matter intakes
  • Greenhouse gas emissions!
  • Immune response
  • bovine tuberculosis (bTB) resistance
  • Lameness
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7
Q

What is bovine leucocyte adhesion deficiency?

A
  • Single point mutation = fewer neutrophils get into tissue to fight infection
  • CS = Ulcers on oral mucosa, gingivitis/periodontitis, chronic pneumonia + diarrhoea
  • Death <1y/o
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8
Q

What are genetic diseases?

A
  • BLAD - bovine leucocyte adhesion deficiency
  • CVM - complex vertebral malformation
  • Bulldog calves / telemark lethal
  • Holstein Haplotype for cholesterol deficiency (NEW)
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9
Q

What is a PLI?

A
  • Profitable life index - what to improve for a productive herd
  • production, efficiency, survival, fertility, calving ability…
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10
Q

Regarding conformation traits what is looked at with the legs/stance?

A
  • Foot angle
  • Rear legs rear view
  • Rear legs side view
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11
Q

Regarding conformation traits what is looked at with the udder?

A
  • Udder depth
  • Teat placement
  • Rear udder width + depth
  • Udder support
  • Fore udder attachment
  • Teat length
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12
Q

Regarding conformation traits what is looked at with the rump + body?

A
  • Rump angle
  • Rump width
  • Dairy form / angularity
  • Strength
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13
Q

What is the down side of having strong udder support?

A
  • Udder cleft dermatitis can form
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14
Q

What’s the downside of having weak fore udder attachment?

A
  • Harder to milk
  • Predisposed for udder cleft dermatitis
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15
Q
A
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