Mastitis - Intro + immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Name a major mastitis pathogen which is environmental in origin but can become cow adapted and become contagious?

A

Strep Uberis

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2
Q

Which of these mastitis pathogens is Gram negative, environmental and is harboured inn poorly managed/damp sawdust?
1. E.coli
2. Staph aureus
3. Strep uberis
4. Klebisella

A

Klebsiella

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3
Q

Which pathogen is Gram positive, always contagious, associated with chronically high cell counts and lives intracellularly?
1. Staph aureus
2. Strep uberis
3. Strep dysgalactiae
4. Strep agalactiae

A

Staph aureus

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4
Q

What are consequences of mastitis infection?

A
  • Chronic infection = spread of infection within herd
  • Permanent damage = to udder - reduced milk yield
  • Death = toxaemia
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5
Q

What does the innate immune system consist of?

A
  • Resident leucocytes - macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes
  • Lactopreoxidase
  • Lysozyme
  • Lactoferrin
  • Complement
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6
Q

What does the resident leucocytes do?

A
  • Phagocytosis + killing of invading pathogens
  • Trigger the acquired immune system by release of pro-inflammatory mediators + antigen presentation
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7
Q

What does the rest of the innate immune response do?

A
  • Lactoferrin = inhibits growth of bugs requiring iron (E.coli)
  • Lactoperoxidase = bacteriostatic agent
  • Lysozyme = bacteriocidal protein
  • Free complement = opsonisation of bacteria, activated it attracts phagocytes
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8
Q

What does the acquired immune system consist of?

A
  • Invasion of circulating neutrophils + IgG2 antibodies
  • B + T Lymphocytes
  • Inflammatory cytokines
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9
Q

What do the B lymphocytes do?

A

*Circulate through lymphatic system
*Exposed to antigens in tissue fluids
*Initial response produce IgM , IgG1
*Repeated exposure produce IgG2 antibodies (“vaccination”)
*IgG2 antibodies then circulate and enter inflamed udder aiding opsonisation of pathogens by neutrophils
*Present antigen to T lymphocytes

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10
Q

What do the T lymphocytes do?

A

*T helper cells -production of cytokines following antigen recognition stimulates immune response
*T cytotoxic cells – eliminate host cells invaded by pathogens

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11
Q

What do the different antibodies do?

A

*IgG2 most important antibody response
*IgM fixates complement for opsonisation of pathogens, agglutinates bacteria, neutralizes toxin
*IgA agglutination of bacteria and neutralize toxins
*IgG1 opsonisation of bacteria

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12
Q
A
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