Diabetic nephropathy Flashcards
1
Q
Diabetic nephropathy is the commonest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the western world. TRUE/FALSE?
A
TRUE
2
Q
What percentage of patients with T1DM develop diabetic nephropathy by the age of 40?
A
33%
3
Q
What percentage of patients with T1DM develop end stage renal disease?
A
5-10%
4
Q
Pathophysiology
A
- increased glomerular capillary pressure
- non-enzymatic glycosylation of the basement membrane is thought to play a key role
5
Q
Histological changes
A
- basement membrane thickening
- Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
6
Q
Modifiable risk factors for diabetic nephropathy
A
Hypertension
Hyperlipidaemia
Smoking
Poor glycaemic control
Raised dietary protein
7
Q
Non-modifiable risk factors for diabetic nephropathy
A
Male sex
Duration of diabetes
Genetic predisposition (e.g. ACE gene polymorphisms)
8
Q
A
