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Speech Anatomy & Physiology > 2.01 - Respiration for Speech > Flashcards

2.01 - Respiration for Speech Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three components of Speech Production?

A

SOURCE - Respiratory System

SOUND - Phonatory System

SOUND SHAPER - Articulatory System

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2
Q

Does anatomy bend to the laws of physics?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Gases are comprised of molecules that are in ___________.

A

Constant motion

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4
Q

Pressure refers to the ______ of the gas over a ______.

A

Force

Given surface area

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5
Q

What is the formula for Pressure?

A

P = force / area

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6
Q

What is Brownian Movement?

A

That the molecules of gases are in constant movement

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7
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

For a gas at a given temperature, PRESSURE and VOLUME are inversely proportional to each other

When volume goes up, pressure goes down.

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8
Q

What is the formula for Boyle’s Law?

A

P x V = K

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9
Q

What does positive pressure do?

A

Pushes

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10
Q

What is another word for negative pressure?

A

Vacuum

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11
Q

Equilibrium is the stae of rest or balance due to the ______ of ______.

A

Equivalent effects

Opposing forces

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12
Q

Gases and fluids molecules move from areas of _______ to areas of _______.

A

High Pressure

Low Pressure

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13
Q

When a structure is stretched beyond its resting state, it has the ___________.

A

Kinetic energy for recoil

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14
Q

What is recoil?

(2)

A

Returning to the resting state

Something stretched wants to relax

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15
Q

Is recoil active or passive?

A

Passive

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16
Q

During Inhalation, what three things happen?

A

The lungs become larger (more volume)

Lung pressure decreases (Negative pressure)

Air flows inward from the atmosphere

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17
Q

During Exhalation, what three things happen?

A

The lungs become smaller (less volume)

Lung pressure increases (Positive pressure)

Air flows outward.

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18
Q

During Inhalation ________ and ________.

A

Volume increases

Pressure decreases

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19
Q

During Exhalation ________ and ________.

A

Volume decreases

Pressure increases

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20
Q

What is Negative Pressure?

A

When pressure decreases

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21
Q

What is Positive Pressure?

A

When pressure increases

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22
Q

What are the four components of the Respiratory Pump?

A

Active forces (muscular)

Passive forces (nonmuscular, recoil, gravity)

Air itself (behavior of gas & pressure, physics)

Air passageways (pulmonary structures)

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23
Q

Do the lungs attach to the ribs? What does this do?

A

Yes

Expanding the ribs expands the lungs

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24
Q

What are the upper seven ribs called? What do they attach to?

A

True Ribs

Sternum via cartilige

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25
What are the 8-10 ribs called? What do they attach to?
False ribs They attach to a cartiligous extension than then attaches to sternum
26
What are the last 2-3 ribs called? Why?
Floating ribs They do not attach to cartilige or the sternum
27
The Sacral Vertebrae are \_\_\_\_\_.
Fused
28
How many Coccyx Vertebrae are there?
One
29
What does the word "foremen" refer to?
A hole
30
What is the TOP of the Bony Box?
The Pectoral Girdle
31
What comprises the Pectoral Girdle? | (3)
Clavicles Scapulae Humerus
32
What is the BOTTOM of the Bony Box?
Pelvic Girdle
33
What comprises the Pelvic Girdle? | (5)
Illium Ischium Pelvic Bone Sacrum Coccyx
34
What is the FRONT of the Bony box? | (2)
Sternum Anterior apects of the ribs
35
What is the SIDE of the Bony Box?
Ribs
36
What is the BACK of the Bony Box?
Vertebral column
37
What is the Diaphragm? | (2)
A large, domed-shaped muscle It separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity
38
What is the single, most important muscle for Inspiration?
Diaphragm
39
Withough the diaphragm, is it EXTREMELY difficult to to breathe and even more difficult to speak?
Yes
40
When the Diaphragm contracts, the lung area \_\_\_\_\_\_. This ______ pressure in the lungs relative to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Increases Decreases Atmosphere
41
What is happening when the Diaphragm is maximally DOMED?
It is continuing speech or exhalation past the normal air capacity
42
What is happening when the Diaphragm is maximally FLATTENED?
Inhalation
43
How many attachements does the diaphram have?
LOTS!
44
When does the diaphragm become completely flat?
Never. It is aways domed/rounded.
45
Where does the abdominal cavity fit into the bony box?
It starts at the last ribs and ends at the pelvis
46
What does URI stand for?
Upper Respiratory Infection
47
How many lobs does the LEFT lung have?
2 (due to the heart)
48
How many lobs does the RIGHT lung have?
3
49
Emphysema causes the walls of the ______ to be destroyed.
Alveolar septae
50
What are the Alveolar Septae?
Walls of air sacs
51
Emphysema causes the alveoli become \_\_\_\_\_\_, ______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Larger Irregular Decrease in number
52
Emphysema causes the __________ to be impaired and the ability to\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is poor.
Diffusion of O2 and CO2 Exchange gases
53
How does smoking increase wrinkles?
Decreased collagen Decreased elasticity of tissues.
54
Label the following:
A = Superior Vertebral Notch B = Superior Costal Facet C = Inferior Costal Facet D = Inferior Vertebral Notch E = Spinous Process F = Transverse Costal Process G = Pedicle H = Superior Articular Facet
55
Label the following:
A = Spinous Process B = Transverse Process C = Superior Articular Process D = Corpus E = Superior Costal Facet F = Transverse Costal Facet G = Vertebral Foremen
56
What goes into the Vertebral Corpus?
Spinal Cord
57
What goes into the Costal Facets?
Ribs
58
Label the following:
A = Manubrosternal Angle B = Articulating Facets (for other ribs) C = Corpus Sterni D = Ensiform Process
59
Label the following:
A = Suprasternal Notch B = Clavicle Articular Facet C = Manubrium Sterni D = First Rib Articular Facet
60
What is another name for the Ensiform Process?
Xiphoid Process
61
Label the following:
A = Right Phrenic Nerve B = Left Phrenic Nerve C = Mediastinum
62
Label the following:
A = Pubis B = Pubic Symphysis C = Ischium D = Ilium E = Iliac Crest
63
What goes through the hole between the Ischium and the Pubis?
Nerves & vascular tissue
64
Label the following:
A = Sacrum B = Coccyx
65
Label the following:
A = Breathing Apparatus B = Pulmonary Apparatus C = Chest Wall D = Pulmonary-Chest Wall Unit
66
Label the following:
A = Opening for Vena Cava (Vein) B = Central Tendon C = Opening for Aorta D = Vertebral Attachment E = Rib Attachment F = Opening for Esophagus G = Sternal Attachement
67
Label the following:
A = Maximally Domed B = Maximally Flattened C = Resting Shape
68
How does the Diaphragm move? What is this part?
Up and down, to the sides, FRONTWARDS, to the back Central tendon
69
What connects the diaphragm to the spine?
Central tendon
70
Label the following:
A = Vertebral column B = Scapula C = Cervical Verebrae D = Thoracic Vertebrae E = Lumbar Vertebrae F = Sacral Verebrae G = Coccygeal Vertebrae
71
Label the following:
A = Clavicle B = Humerus C = Ribs D = Pelvic Girdle E = Costal Cartilage F = Sternum
72
Label the following:
A = Blood from tissue B = Gas C = CO2 D = O2 E = Blood to Tissue
73
Label the following:
A = Upper Respiratory Tract B = Lower Respiratory Tract
74
Label the following:
A = Nasal Cavity B = Pharynx C = Larynx D = Trachea E = Primary Bronchi F = Lungs
75
What are the Active forces involved in the Respiratory Pump?
Muscular
76
What are the Passive Forces involved in the Respiratory Pump? (3)
The ones that are nonmuscular Recoil Gravity
77
How is the Air Itself involved in the Respiratory Pump? (2)
Behavior of gas & pressure Physics
78
How are the Air Passageways involved in the Respiratory Pump?
Pulmonary structures
79
What are the Bronchiole?
The branches in the lungs that hold the aveoli
80
What is the capillary bed? | (2)
It wraps around aveoli Allows for gas exchange
81
What is Intraoral Pressure?
The pressure in the mouth
82
What is Subglottal Pressure?
The pressure below the vocal folds
83
What is Alveolar Pressure? | (2)
The pressure in the aveoli The pressure in the lungs
84
What is Intrapleural Pressure?
The pressure between the pleural linings
85
What is a Spirogram? What is on each axis? (3)
A graph of what's going on in the lungs X=Axis = Time Y-Axis = Lung Volume
86
When the diaphragm relaxes it \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Goes up and back
87
What four things does the diaphragm connect to?
Spine Ribs Sternum Vertebrae
88
What is relaxation pressure?
Recoil of muscle and tissue
89
What is relaxation pressure proportional to?
Lung volume Alveolar pressure
90
What is a Surfactent?
The lubricating substance that connects the pleura and causes them to act as one
91
What is Pnemothorax?
The air between the pleura

Speech Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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