24: Britain By 1957

Question 1

Public attitudes to immigration: what were they like at Queen Elizabeth’s coronation in 1953

Answer 1

There was evident enthusiasm for the commonwealth ideal

Question 2

What did the new commonwealth immigrants follow in the wake of

Answer 2

West Indian migrants who arrived on the empire windrush of 1948

Question 3

Which act were commonwealth immigrants encouraged to come to Britain under

Answer 3

The British nationality act

Question 4

How many immigrants arriv d in Britain from West Indies and other parts of commonwealth

Answer 4

250,000

Question 5

How many commonwealth immigrants had settled in Britain by end of 1957

Answer 5

210.000

Question 6

Where were most immigrants from

Answer 6

West Indies

Question 7

Immigrants from which countries were beginning to rise

Answer 7

India and Pakistan

Question 8

Pull factors: Britain as mother country

Answer 8

Most immigrants would’ve learned about Britain at school and many would’ve had an unrealistic as a place to live and work in

Question 9

Pull factors: economic growth

Answer 9

Many jobs available

British hotels and restaurants association, London transport, British railways and NHS Took advantage of cheap labour

Question 10

Push factors: economy in home countries

Answer 10

Encouraged migration

Question 11

Push factors: USA

Answer 11

Restrictions on immigration to the USA meant britain was now first choice for those who wished to improve their lives

Question 12

What was the general feeling towards immigration for some

Answer 12

Tolerance and getting along

Question 13

What were there many unpleasant instances of towards racism

Answer 13

Outright racism from host communities and resentment against immigrants

Question 14

Compaints against immigrants: use of NHS and dole

Answer 14

When they hadn’t made social service contributions

Question 15

Compaints against immigrants: the fact that they were prepared to work longer hours for less money, encouraging employers to

Answer 15

Keep wages low

Question 16

Compaints against immigrants: bringing in

Answer 16

Crime

Question 17

Compaints against immigrants: unwillingness to mix with

Answer 17

Local communities

Question 18

How did where immigrants settled make situation worse

Answer 18

Settled in certain towns and cities

Question 19

Why did immigrants tend to stay in a limited number of areas within these cities

Answer 19

Discrimination against non whites by landlords

Question 20

How did immigrants face discrimination in the Work place

Answer 20

Businesses such as Ford Dagenham, vickers, Tate and Lyle enforced a quota system that allowed only 5% jobs to go to non white peipme

Known as colour bar

Question 21

Why did lord Salisbury argue to ignore complaints made to them by immigrants

Answer 21

If gov took action against racism and discrimination it would make britiain even more desirable to immigrants

Question 22

Why did authorities regard immigration as economically desirable

Answer 22

Filled low wage jobs

Question 23

Which groups was racial temsiom encouraged by by late 1950s

Answer 23

Teddy boy gangs

Question 24

Relations with the US regarding nuclear weapons: what had Britain worked closely with US to develop in WW2

Answer 24

Atomic bomb and in 1945 Truman promised this would continue

Question 25

Relations with the US regarding nuclear weapons: why were ties between US and British nuclear programs severed

Answer 25

1946 atomic energy act blocked atomic collaboration

Question 26

Arguments for nuclear deterrent gov: what did Britain need new weapons eh for

Answer 26

To maintain great power status

Question 27

Arguments for nuclear deterrent gov: who supporters nuclear weapons ey in gov

Answer 27

Attlee, Bevin and chiefs of staffs of the military

Question 28

Arguments for nuclear deterrent gov: why did Churchill argue nuclear defence was needed

Answer 28

Essential to sit at top table In a future war Britain would be very vulnerable without it

Question 29

Arguments for nuclear deterrent gov: what did ministry of defence report 1954 conclude

Answer 29

Overwhelming and immediate retaliation with it is our only reliable defence

Question 30

Arguments for nuclear deterrent gov: what was a nuclear programme attractive for cutting

Answer 30

Costs

Question 31

Public opinion: what was it like in early 1950s and evidence

Answer 31

In favour 60% approving of a British atom bomb in 1952

Question 32

Role in the split of the Labour Party: when did bevan announce his opposition to nuclear disarmament despite formerly supporting it

Answer 32

1957 at party conference

Question 33

Role in the split of the Labour Party: why did bevans opposition to disarmament cause dismay and anger on left

Answer 33

Felt betrayed by bevans position

Question 34

Role in the split of the Labour Party: what did Michael foot claim

Answer 34

Bevan had only done this in order to ensure that he became foreign secretary in a future labour gov

Question 35

Role in the split of the Labour Party: what does David kynastion write

Answer 35

This was a fateful post 1945 moment when labour and radical sentiment as a whole started to become increasingly detached from eachother

Question 36

Role in the split of the Labour Party: what did many labour left wingers join

Answer 36

CND

Question 37

Britain’s nuclear testing: how many atmospheric tests for its nuclear weapons did Britain conduct 1952-57

Answer 37

12

Question 38

Britain’s nuclear testing: which Australian territories did Britain use for the tests

Answer 38

Maralinga, emu field and monte bello island

Question 39

Britain’s nuclear testing: how many atmospheric tests followed 1957-58

Answer 39

9

Question 40

Britain’s nuclear testing: whatbwere peopke involved unaware of

Answer 40

Dangers that came from radiation

Question 41

Britain’s nuclear testing: what did serious contamaination mean Britain was involved in in subsequent years

Answer 41

Paying for massive clean up operations as well as fighting claims for compensation for indigenous people and service men who were affected by tests