10. opposition: ideas and ideologies Flashcards by rhiannon Pearce

growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what added to numbers favouring more representation and rule of law

spread of education and emergence of stronger middle class as a result of industrialisation

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: why was liberalism particularly strong in the zemstva

reputation enhanced by actions taken in face of gov incompetence during Great Famine 1891-92
resentments galvanised by reduction zemstva powers under AII

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: how did Tsar dismiss Tver Zemstvo’s petition to set up an advisory body

as senseless dreams

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: liberal noble who continued to demand creation of an all class zemstvo at district level and a national assembly

Prince Lvov

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what happened when Ivan Shipov tried to set up an ‘All Zemsto Organisation’ in 1896

it was immediately banned

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what did banning of ‘all zemstvo organisation’ encourage some liberals to do

establish Beseda Symposium in 1899

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what did Beseda Smyposium meet in secret to discuss

matters of liberal interest eg judicial reform and universal education

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: why did beseda symposium assume leadership of liberal movement in 1900

gov ordered dismissal of hundreds of liberals from the zemstva

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: who did Beseda symposium attract a wide range of support from when they assumed leadership of the liberals

public figures, town leaders, members of legal and teaching professions and industrialists

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what was founded in 1903 under Struve

union of liberation

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: why did struve defect from the Marxist movement

opposed its commitment to violent revolution

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what did struve believe Russia needed

a period of peaceful evolution in which to adapt to its new industrialising status

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what system did struve want to see implemented

constitutional system through which workers could campaign legally to improve their conditions

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what did struve believe Russia needed to adapt to its new industrialising status

period of peaceful evolution

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: who attended unions grand meeting of 1904

reps of zemstva and other professional societies

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what did members declare at unions grand meeting

intention to work for establishment of a constitutional gov and arranged series of society banquets

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what political influence did they have

limited

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: what were they fortunate to escape

closer attention of police

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growth of liberal opposition to 1905: why were they main beneficiaries from 1905 revolution

one of their aims, duma, established

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development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: when were ideas of agrarian socialism revived

after great famine 1891-92

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development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: when was SR founded

1901

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development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: what did SRs become a rallying point for

those who wished to appeal to peasantry through a commitment to land socialisation and decentralised government

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development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: who was SRs most influential theorist

Viktor Chernov

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development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: how was SRs a fairly loose organisation

comprised of groups with a wide variety of views

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development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: why did SRs put forward idea that peasants and workers should work together to bring down autocracy and bring about land redistribution

they saw their views as identical

development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: what emphasis of SRs set them apart from pure Marxists

emphasis on peasantry and land socialisation rather than land nationalisation

development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: what did SRs develop in terms of support

wide national base with a large peasant membership

development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: how were SR tactics similar to earlier populists

tried to stir up discontent in countryside and strikes in towns and to disrupt gov by political assassinations

development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: how many political assasinations did SRs carry out between 1901-05

2000

development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: which ministers of internal affairs did SRs assassinate

Dmitri Sipyagin and Von Plehve

development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: how did SRs play an active role in 1905 revolution

developed full programme in Nov 1905 and forming a separate combat organisation which attracted many students to carry out assassinations

development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: when did SRs assassinate Stolypin

1911

development of socialism and the emergence of the SR party: how did police hinder SRs progress

foiled some activities and was successful in infiltrating the movement at its highest levels

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what helped make Marxist theories more attractive to Russian intellectuals from late 1890s

industrial takeoff

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: which group grew

Georgi Plekhanovs emancipation of labour group

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what were attracted by Marxist ideas

discussion circles, workers organisations, illegal trade unions, and other groups

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: when was SD party set up

1898

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what happened at first congress of Russian SDs

chose name, elected 3 man central committee and produced a manifesto

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what did SDs manifesto assert

working classes had and were been exploited by their masters and that the future of Russia would be the product of the class struggle

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what did SDs manifesto make clear that impetus for change had to come from

working men themselves

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: why did SDs get off to promising start

first congress broken up by Okhrana agents who promptly arrested 2 of committee

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: who came to play a prominent part in development of party

lenin

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: when did second party congress take place

1903

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what was considered at second party congress

variety of propositions as to how party should move forward but were divided on these

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what did lenin argue in favour of

strong disciplined organisation of professional revolutionaries to lead proletariat

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what did others like Martov believe

their task should be to develop a broad party with a mass working class membership

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: how did lenin win vote towards more centralise party structure despite not having mass support in beginning

number of reps withdrew and lenin claimed his supporters were majority

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what was there continued argument and rivalry between in SDs

nature, timing, and organisation of rev

influence of Marxism and development of SDs: what were Bolsheviks and mensheviks by 1906 and why

essentially 2 separate parties because division hardened so much

Trade unions: why may a reduction in working class discontent have been expected after excitement raised by 1905 revolution

Revolution and legislation of trade unions

Trade unions: what did the state continue to fear despite some reforms for working class

Independent working class activity and potential for revolutionaries to work through trade unions

Trade unions: how many TUs closed town and how many denied registration 1906-1910

497 closed down | 604 denied registration

Trade unions: what were unions that survived mainly

Those of the better paid male skilled workers

Trade unions: what reduced any opportunity for union action from 1907

Economic depression, rise in unemployment and political clampdown

Trade unions: what provided new impetus

Shooting of unarmed demonstrators at Lena Goldfields in April 1912

Trade unions: what gave Skills labour more bargaining power in market place from 1911

Economic recovery

Trade unions: where was trade union activity mainly confined to

St Petersburg and surrounding area

Trade unions: what added to anger and opposition

Bitter resistance of employers and repressive measures taken to break strikes

Trade unions: how was danger to autocracy of pre war strike movement less than it seemed

Gerogespically limited, only 12% enterprises experienced a strike and even GS in St Pt only brought out a quarter of manufacturing labour force

Other opposition groups: why was moderate liberal opposition largely appeased by

Tsarist concessions 1905-06 and tried to cooperate with duma sustem

Other opposition groups: why was there no single, strong opposition among the nationalisites after 1905

- apart from poles and Finns none wanted outright independence - Ukrainians and Belorussians, combo of policies of assimilation and respressiln enjoyed success

Other opposition groups: why were SRs and SDs weakened after 1905

- exile of leaders - damaging split within SDs - rivalry between SRs and SDs

Other opposition groups: what were ideological divisions within SRS AND SDS compounded by

Disagreements over appropriate response to 1905 defeat and use parties should make to work in Dumas

Other opposition groups: how did srs and SDs suffer from secret police activities

Agrents effective in smashing rev cells

Other opposition groups: what made organisation of srs and SDs difficult

Industrial depression 1907, lack of finance and shortage of secret printing presses

Other opposition groups: what happened instead of establishing national, regional or even all city organisations

At best they maintained underground organisation in individual factories and workshops

Other opposition groups: how was there a revival in Bolshevik fortunes in 1912-14

Succeeded in taking over many legal labour institutions in st pt and moscow from Mensheviks and gained 6 workers deputies in elections to fourth duma

Other opposition groups: when did Pravda launch

April 1912

Other opposition groups: how had bolsheviks been helped in fourth duma elections

By SR boycott

Other opposition groups: who did bolsheviks enjoy no success with

Army and navy

Other opposition groups: what became nothing of Bolshevik promise

Launch general pol strike, provoke mass street Demos and recreation soviet of workers deputies on 1905 model

Other opposition groups: how did opposition in Russia appear before 1914

Weak and demoralised

Other opposition groups: why did coming of war in 1914 further diminish support for action

Patriotic fervour swept through all political save for bolsheviks

Other opposition groups: why did Lenin favour defeat

Believed it would bring Russia closer to rev he sought

10. opposition: ideas and ideologies Flashcards

(74 cards)