1: the 1906 election

Question 1

what was the result of the general election of 1906

Answer 1

landslide victory for liberals

Question 2

notable liberal gov ministers

Answer 2

Lloyd George and Churchill

Question 3

what did liberal gov put ideas forward of

Answer 3

new liberalism

Question 4

what did the 1906 election also highlight

Answer 4

the rising popularity of the labour party

Question 5

what 2 things related to the makeup of the parties influenced the results of 1906 election

Answer 5

leadership and campaigns

Question 6

how did Boer War help conservatives in 1900

Answer 6

won impressive electoral victory because of patriotic support of gov and fact that war split liberals

Question 7

how did the boer war contribute to long term downfall of conservatives

Answer 7

lasted longer and was more costly in lives and money than expected

Question 8

why did the boer war cause moral outrage in britain

Answer 8

some of the methods used to defeat boers were awful

Question 9

how did the boer war lead to concerns over the physical decline of the british race

Answer 9

exposed amount of malnutrition present

Question 10

how did liberals gain support by boer war

Answer 10

claimed conservatives neglected poverty in cities

Question 11

how did 1902 education act impact election result

Answer 11

roused fury of nonconformists- reverted to liberal party

Question 12

what did the education act provide

Answer 12

all schools funded from local rates- nonconformists outraged that taxes might be spent on schools that they strongly objected

Question 13

how did non conformists view education act

Answer 13

another privilege for C of E- already regarded as having unfair advantages

Question 14

what did 1904 licensing act aim

Answer 14

reducing number of public houses

Question 15

why did 1904 licensing act anger N.C

Answer 15

infuriated temperance section by proposing to compensate brewers and publicans for cancellation of licences

Question 16

what was 1904 licensing act denounced as

Answer 16

‘brewers bill’- brewers supported conservatives

Question 17

which groups did Chinese labour issue turn against conservatives

Answer 17

non conformists and trade unions

Question 18

what was the Chinese labour issue

Answer 18

Chinese labourers imported into south Africa and kept in overcrowded camps

Question 19

why did Chinese labour issue turn non conformists against conservative

Answer 19

moral outcry about treatment of chinese

Question 20

why did trade unions turn against conservatives after Chinese li

Answer 20

feared employers might bring them into Britain and push down wages at home

unemployment high 1905- inadequate support for unemployed

Question 21

taff vale case

Answer 21

railway workers striking. 1902 H/L ruled company was within its rights to sue trade union

Question 22

why were trade unions horrified by taff vale case

Answer 22

impossible to call successful strikes

Question 23

why did taff vale case lose workers and TU support for conservatives

Answer 23

act of parliament could overrule H/L judgement- Balfour: ‘matter for courts’ and refused

Question 24

what did the taff vale case encourage

Answer 24

trade union support for a labour group in parliament

Question 25

why was the conservative lack of reaction to liberal and labour attempts surprising

Answer 25

liberals: new liberalism labour: campaigning for reform

Question 26

how did balfour react to liberal and labour social reform campaigns

Answer 26

1902 education act only provided for reform but only caused controversy

Question 27

when was tariff reform campaign launched

Answer 27

1903- joseph chamberlain

Question 28

what did chamberlain want

Answer 28

reintroduce tariffs with lower level tariff for goods coming from british empire than those from non empire- imperial preference

Question 29

what did chamberlain argue that tariffs would do

Answer 29

- protect industry- more jobs - provide revenue to fund social reform - strengthen empire

Question 30

what did people fear from tariff reform

Answer 30

dearer food and falling living standards

Question 31

which leading conservative voted liberal on the issue of tariff reform

Answer 31

churchill

Question 32

how did tariff reform affect conservative party

Answer 32

split them

Question 33

how did tariff reform reunite liberals

Answer 33

belief in free trade was something liberals supported

Question 34

how did liberals present themselves due to their free trade beliefs

Answer 34

the party protecting cheap food

Question 35

how did Balfours position weaken conservatives cause

Answer 35

he was intelligent but lacked political skill

Question 36

how did balfour lack political skill

Answer 36

not as sensitive to public opinion as his predecessor Salisbury, didn't understand social issues

Question 37

how was balfour responsible for timing of 1906 election

Answer 37

indirectly due to his decision that gov should step down Dec 1905

Question 38

in what way did lib-lab pact secure govs defeat

Answer 38

in terms of loss of parliamentary seats

Question 39

what did lib lab pact involve

Answer 39

liberals wouldn't oppose labour candidates in 30 selected constituencies LRC promised to restrict candidates in other constituencies in return

Question 40

what did lib lab pact set out to prevent

Answer 40

a split in the anti conservative vote

Question 41

how could it be argued that lib lab pact helped LRC more

Answer 41

giving it new political power

Question 42

how did liberals view lib lab pact to have benefitted them

Answer 42

financially and from idea of progressive alliance on left, secured total defeat of conservatives

Question 43

old liberalism: 'freedom to do things' | new liberalism:

Answer 43

freedom from evils such as poverty and low wages in addition

Question 44

old liberalism: laissez faire | new liberalism:

Answer 44

state intervention key in establishing minimum standards of life

Question 45

old liberalism: self help | new liberalism:

Answer 45

poorer needed state help too

Question 46

what did new liberalism put emphasis on

Answer 46

providing safety nets to prevent hard working but vulnerable citizens falling into destitution

Question 47

what did new liberalism not suggest

Answer 47

everyone should state assistance- only vulnerable

Question 48

examples of continuity between old and new liberalism

Answer 48

self help, importance of individuals and individual initiatives, free trade

Question 49

how did new liberalism contradict traditional liberal emphasis on thrift and low taxation

Answer 49

implied higher gov spending

Question 50

what were carried out in late 19th cent to prove that poverty was major problem in Britain

Answer 50

social investigations by rowntree and booth

Question 51

what did the findings of social investigations support idea of

Answer 51

poverty largely caused by economic forces beyond control of individual and not idleness

Question 52

examples of intellectuals that contributed to new liberalism

Answer 52

green and hobson

Question 53

what did intellectuals argue

Answer 53

19th cent liberalism put too much stress of freedom of individual and not enough on role of society through state

Question 54

political motives to new liberalism: divisions

Answer 54

could rescue liberals from recent divisions- theme that might unite it

Question 55

political motives to new liberalism: labour

Answer 55

worried labour party may become potential political rival social reform- working class vote

Question 56

political motives to new liberalism: conservatives

Answer 56

social reform- conservatives vulnerable to attack liberals would have clear alternative to conservative policies

Question 57

why was Britain's primacy at risk in the early 20th cent

Answer 57

concern that britains economy and workforce no longer as efficient as they had been

Question 58

what deficiencies did boer war highlight

Answer 58

britains military and administrative ability and poor state of health amongst working class

Question 59

which countries were catching up/taking over Britain industrially

Answer 59

Germany, japan, usa

Question 60

how else was Germany growing other than industrially

Answer 60

militarily

Question 61

what composition of liberal mps supported new liberalism

Answer 61

50% including Lloyd George and churchill

Question 62

who was the liberal party led by 1905-08

Answer 62

Campbell bannerman

Question 63

who was the liberal party led by 1908-15

Answer 63

asquith

Question 64

what did CB gov pass

Answer 64

reforms that included free school meals and medical inspections for school children

Question 65

what did CB gov show

Answer 65

reforms not just important for helping vulnerable but state were properly prepared to intervene in peoples lives

Question 66

what did asquith work on as chancellor under Campbell bannerman

Answer 66

oaps

Question 67

who did asquith appoint to be his ministers as PM

Answer 67

Lloyd George and churchill

Question 68

what did Lloyd George introduce 1908

Answer 68

OAPS

Question 69

how did Lloyd George help to push through controversial legislation

Answer 69

powerful speeches

Question 70

what was Churchill particularly concerned with

Answer 70

low wages and unemployment issues

Question 71

what did churchill play key roles in

Answer 71

1909 trade boards act and setting up labour exchanges

Question 72

what category of people were the 30 members of the labour party in 1903

Answer 72

working men

Question 73

who was chairman of labour party

Answer 73

hardie

Question 74

who was labour secretary

Answer 74

macdonald

Question 75

why were labour unable to have significant impact politically 1906

Answer 75

large majority of liberals liberal programme of social reform- helped working people so labour had to support them

Question 76

what was the conservative party renamed to in 1909

Answer 76

conservative and unionist party

Question 77

who did conservatives formally merge with in may 1912

Answer 77

liberal unionists

Question 78

in which house were conservatives powerless in following 1906 election

Answer 78

commons- less than 1/4 seats

Question 79

how did conservatives still manage to block liberals bill

Answer 79

used permanent conservative majority in Lords

Question 80

what did house of lords become known as

Answer 80

MR bALFOUR'S POODLE

Question 81

what happened to the liberals' 1906 education bill

Answer 81

it was mutilated so much by the lords that it had to be abandoned

Question 82

examples of other liberal measures blocked by lords

Answer 82

Scottish land bill abolition of plural voting bill licensing bill 1908

Question 83

why were liberals becoming more influenced by ideas of new liberalism

Answer 83

- growing awareness of causes of poverty - working class vote - concerns over national efficiency