- 12-24 hours after ischemia - eosinophilic staining, pyknotic nuclei with fragmentation - cell infiltration comes after

- MECP2 gene - hand movements and decceleration of head growth

- mood reactivity, leaden paralysis, sensitivity to criticism, increased sleep and appetite - can treat with MAOi

3/20 Flashcards by Eric Swanson

length constant

how far an impulse can travel down a nerve

- lower in MS

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red neurons

12-24 hours after ischemia
eosinophilic staining, pyknotic nuclei with fragmentation
cell infiltration comes after

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time table for liquefactive necrosis after stroke

1-4 weeks

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flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum

for balance and eye movements

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motor and somatosensory gyri

motor is in front of central sulcus, sensory is behind

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frontal eye fields

control horizontal eye movement

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first area of brain damaged in global ischemia

hippocampus

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damage to Brocas area

trouble making words

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damage to Wernekies area

troubing making sensical words (trouble with thought)

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baclofen

GABA-B agonist for MS

- can also use alpha 2 agonists

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Rett syndrome

MECP2 gene

- hand movements and decceleration of head growth

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atypical depression

mood reactivity, leaden paralysis, sensitivity to criticism, increased sleep and appetite
can treat with MAOi

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short acting benzos

triazolam, oxazepam and midazolam

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buprenorphine

partial opioid agonist with high potency used to treat opioid addiction

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digoxin clearance

renal, low renal function can increase toxicity

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large eosinophilic casts in urine

Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma

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eosinophil mix up in kidneys

eosinophils in peripheral = hypersensitivity interstitial nephritis
eosinophilic casts in urine = multiple myeloma

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rasburicase MOA

convert uric acid into more soluble products to be excreted

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minimal change disease is most similar to….

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, both are the result of cytokines

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spike and dome nephropathy

membranous nephropahty

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membranous always means…..

immune complex desposition

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hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis

1 alpha hydroxylase activation by macrophages

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complication of theophylline toxicity

seizures and tachyarrhythmias

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familial pulmonary hypertension

causes smooth muscle proliferation

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gas exchange is _______ limited

perfusion (diffusion occurs very rapidly)

faster diffuser, CO2 or O2

CO2 x 20, so in diffusion defect, oxygen is much more affected

lowest vascular resistance is at what lung volume

functional residual capacity

findings in silicosis

eggshell calcifications and birefringent particles

hemangiomas (fruit)

cherry in adults, strawberry in kids

antiarrhythmics that cause QT prolongation

class IA and class III but no risk for torsades in amiodarone)

obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

interventricular septum and mitral valve leaflet

most important autoregulators of cardiac vessel tone

NO and adenosine

severity of symptoms in tetralogy of fallot

due to pulmonary outflow obstruction

foramen ovale is between what chambers

atria

patent foramen ovale is due to....

incomplete fusion of septum primum and septum secundum

fixed splitting is seen in what heart defect

ASD

S3 is due to....

ventricular volume overload

pressure in the right atrium

very low (same as the vena cava)

diastolic pressure in pulmonary arteries

rises, due to the resistance in pulmonary capillaries and back pressure from left atrium

carcinoid heart disease

excessive secretion of serotonin which stimulates fibroblast growth factors on endocardium

type of collagen in scar after myocardial infarction

type I

treatment for radioactive iodine poisoning

iodine, decreases radioactive uptake

treatment for carcinoid syndrome

octreotide

unique lab in spherocytosis

MCHC

clinical picture in multiple myeloma

- fatigability - constipation (hypercalcemia) - bone pain - high serum protein - renal failure

direct bilirubin

can dissolve directly into blood

calcium and blood transfusions

citrate can acts as a chelator and lower calcium

association with reactive arthritis

HLA-B27

if you see intermediolateral cell column....

you must be in the thoracic spine

muscle cells vs cardiac cells depolarization

muscle cells are less dependent on extracellular calcium due to coupling of L type calcium channels in cell membrane to ryanodine receptors in sarcoplasmic reticulum

Ladd's fibrous band

- connect retrperitoneum in RLQ to right colon by passing over duodenum - seen in midgut malrotation

two hormones with incretin effects

GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide

excretion of copper

bound to ceruloplasmin in blood and excreted in stool and bile

gall stone obstruction in small instestine

most common in ileum and cecal junction

life threatening complication of ulcerative colitis

toxic megacolon

KRAS mutation in colon cancer

prevents use of anti-EGFR therapy

Gower hemoglobin

present in embryo, 2 zeta and 2 epsilon

common complication of BPH

UTI (not cancer)

things seen in amniotic fluid embolism

fetal squamous cells

hormones in PCOS

high LH and high estrogen (can lead to endometrial cancer)

PNMT

converts NE to Epi

IL3

produced by activated T cells, stimulating growth and differentiation, bone marrow

IPEX syndrome

- defect in FOX3 on Treg cells leading to autoimmunity

complement inhibitors

DAF and C1 esterase inhibitor

3/20 Flashcards

(64 cards)