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AAA - Board by day > 3/27 > Flashcards

3/27 Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

leukocytoclastic vaculitis

A

microscopic polyangiitis is an example

- only in small vessels

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2
Q

timeline after anemia correction

A

reticulocytes peak around 1 week, hemoglobin takes 8 weeks to correct

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3
Q

stimulus control therapy of sleeping

A

dissociate bed from any other activities besides sleep and sex

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4
Q

eplerenone

A

aldosterone antagonist (like spironolactone with fewer side effects)

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5
Q

indication for narrow spectrum seizures

A

focal (involving only one hemisphere)

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6
Q

bacterial meningitis not covered by third gen cephalosporins

A

listeria (altered penicillin binding proteins)

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7
Q

risks for parotitis

A

decreasing saliva flow - anticholinergics, intubation, dehydration

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8
Q

GGT

A

secondary test to distinguish high alkaline phosphatase from liver vs bone sources (high in liver)

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9
Q

sensitivity to everyday sounds

A

problem with the stapedius muscle, innervated by the facial nerve
- common in Bells palsy

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10
Q

treatment for essential hypertension

A

beta blockers

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11
Q

persistent depressive disorder timeline

A

greater than two years

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12
Q

medications with negative chronotropic effects

A
  • beta blockers
  • non-D CCBs
  • digoxin
  • amiodarone/sotalol
  • cholinergic agonists
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13
Q

granulomas in bowel disease

A

Chrons

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14
Q

recommendations for putting in central line

A
  • hand hygiene
  • barrier precaution
  • chlorhexidine antiseptic
  • subclavian vein use
  • prompt removal
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15
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome with differential clubbing in hands and feet

A

PDA - normal blood is delivered to hands but deoxygenated blood is delivered to feet

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16
Q

mechanism for peeing in normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

stretching of descending cortical fibers

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17
Q

worst prognostic factor in PSGN

A

older age

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18
Q

BRAF

A

melanoma

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19
Q

location of fibrinoid necrosis

A

has to be in vessels

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20
Q

Councilman bodies

A

apoptotic bodies in hepatitis that a strongly eosinophilic

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21
Q

splitting

A

something is all bad or all good

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22
Q

anemia with low reticulocytes

A

pure red cell aplasia (antibodies against RBC precursors)

- due to thymoma

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23
Q

infections acquired during birth

A

chlamydia and neisseria (can cause blindness), group B strep

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24
Q

when is toxoplasmosis acquired

A

before birth (in utero)

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25
constipation due to mass in uterus
fibroids
26
mechanism of cyanide poisoning
lower peripheral oxygen consumption by inhibiting oxygen dependent phosphorylation of cytochrome c in mitochondria
27
borderline personality disorder
unstable relationships with marked impulsivity (you know who)
28
clue cells
epithelial cells covered in gram variable rods (bacterial vaginosis)
29
heart block increaser with severe constipation
CCBs
30
in patient with afib, what prevents the use of a beta blocker
history of COPD (beta blocker would make it worse)
31
severity of mitral stenosis
length of time between S2 and opening snap
32
signs of hypothyroidism in neonate
slow, umbilical hernia, poor brain development (needed for myelination), puffy face, intellectual disability
33
cells that can not use ketone bodies
RBCs, no mitochondria
34
treatment for male pattern baldness
finasteride
35
major complication of lamotrigine
SJS
36
elevated hepatic enzymes with concurrent neurologic disease
Wilsons (elevated copper) | - due a slit lamp exam
37
histology in MS
perivenular inflammatory infiltrates (T cells and macrophages)
38
microglial nodules
HIV encephalitis
39
sponiform encephalopathy
prion disease
40
blood flow in right ventricle
relatively constant because pressure are not as high
41
psuedogout
calcium pyrophosphate crystals
42
most common cause of spontaneous lobar hemorrhage
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
43
common type of inheritance in enzyme deficiencies
autosomal recessive
44
pressure tracing of mitral regurgitation
high increase in atrial pressure
45
differences between neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome
``` NMS = diffuse rigidity and bradyreflexia serotonin = neuromuscular hyperactivity ```
46
carboxyhemoglobin
measure of CO bound to oxygen
47
cause of methemoglobin
drugs (dapsone and nitrites), enzyme deficiencies and hemoglobinopathies (not CO!)
48
duration of headaches
cluster = shortest migraine = 4-72 hours tension (band) = variable
49
changes with GFR and FF over increasing efferent contrictions
low constriction = high FF and high GFR because blood is diverted through kidney high constriction = high FF, low GFR (higher oncotic pressure pulls flow back, decreasing GFR)
50
side of speech areas in brain
left
51
two types of CGD tests
- nitroblue tetrazolium (turns dark blue in normal) | - Dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry (green)
52
lipid A
same thing as LPS, endotoxin
53
three parts of LPS
- O antigen (out membrane polysaccharide) - core polysaccharide - Lipid A (cause of toxic properties)
54
renal cell carcinomas come from what cell type
PCT
55
oncocytomas come from what cell type
collecting duct
56
why would an RBC not make ATP in glycolysis
to form 2,3 BPG
57
2,3 BPG
increased in hypoxia and chronic anemia | - promotes oxygen delivery to tissues
58
what not to assume in vein compression due to lung tumor
SVC - pay attention to signs - one sided = brachiocephalic - only arm = subclavian - both sides = SVC
59
cause of clubbing
chronic hypoxia
60
second hand smoking can lead to....
- SIDS, otitis media and asthma
61
blueish neoplasm under nail bed
glomus tumor or subungual melanoma
62
glomangioma
tumor of modified smooth muscle cells - these are found in nail beds, pads of fingers and toes and ears - used for thermoregulation to prevent heat loss
63
suprasellar lesions with three components
- craniopharyngioma | - solid tumor cells, cystic machine oil and calcified portion
64
myxomatous degeneration
- pathological weakening of connective tissue | seen in Marfans and mitral valve prolapse
65
things causing papillary necrosis
acute pyelonephritis, sickle cell, diabetes, or analgesic nephropathy
66
equation for resistance in parallel
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2.... | - key is all terms are inverted
67
three most important predisposing factors in DM1
- too much insulin - not enough food - exercise
68
mechanism for low glucose in DM1 after exercise
in normal individuals, insulin production stops during exercise - in DM1, exogenous insulin can't be controlled, so blood sugars drop
69
primary causes of lacunar infarcts
lipohyalinosis and microatheroma due to hypertension
70
vessels associated with factor V Leiden
veins
71
etiology of mass in old TB lesion
colonization by aspergillus (fungus ball)
72
cor pulmonale
right heart failure due to a lung cause
73
rotavirus vs norovirus
there is vaccination against rotavirus, other than that they can present the same
74
medications to avoid in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- want to avoid lowering ventricular volumes - vasodilators - decrease afterload leading to decrease in afterload - diuretics
75
aqueous humor in eye is produced from...
ciliary epithelium
76
muscarinic agonists increase outflow in what part of eye?
trabecular meshwork outflow (Schlemm canal)
77
prostaglandins increase outflow from what part of eye
uveoscleral outflow
78
curling ulcers
ulcers in duodenum due to stress, due to local ischemia
79
cushing ulcers
vagus nerve stimulation by increase in intracranial pressure leads to increase in acid and ulcer
80
systolic vs diastolic dysfunction
``` systolic = dilated diastolic = hypertrophic ```
81
important clinical indicator in MR and MS
``` MR = S3 heart sound (too much volume) MS = time between closure and opening snap ```
82
channels that fish toxins act on...
sodium
83
drugs revealing G6PD
bactrim, dapsone, malarials , nitrofurantoin
84
cholesterol 7alpha hydroxylase
rate limiting step of bile acid synthesis
85
achalasia can arise secondary too.
Chagas
86
menetrier disease
hyperplasia of gastric mucosa, excess mucus, protein loss, parietal call atrophy
87
types of stomach cancer
intestinal - h pylori, tobacco, smoked foods, gastritis | diffuse - not h pylori, signet rings, linitis plastica
88
d-xylose test
to test for mucosal defects or bacterial overgowth syndrome | - presents with low levels in blood and urine

AAA - Board by day (28 decks)

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