- high glucose (no insulin) - high potassium (no insulin to drive into cell) - low sodium (glucose over as osmolar molecule)

3/21 Flashcards by Eric Swanson

Dandy Walker

hypoplasia and absence of cerebellar vermis, dilation of fourth ventricle and enlargement of posterior fossa

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type of speech in Brocas defect

agrammatic, not slurred (that would be dysphagia)

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unmyelinated nerves include…

autonomic postganglionic, heat sensation, slow onset dull or visceral pain, olfactory nerves

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myelinated nerves include…..

motor neurons, golgi tendon neurons, pacinian corpuscles and preganglionic autonomics

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sublmiation

channeling negative energy into something more acceptable

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perforation of nasal septum

cocaine abuse

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timing of acute stress disorder

between 3 days and one month

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GFR after nephrectomy

gets cut in half then increases to 80% (remember GFR is amount filtered per unit time)

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pathophys of ARDS

injury to alveolar pneumocytes and pulmonary endothelium, accelerated by neutrophils

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drugs associated with pulmonary fibrosis

amiodarone, methotrexate, bleomycin and nitrofuratoin

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COX inhibitors and asthma

they make it worse because pathway gets shunted to leukotrienes

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blood agents used in acute coronary syndrome vs valve/afib

ACS = antiplatelets

valve and afib = warfarin

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heart defect in DiGeorge

truncus arteriosus

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afterload effect on muscles

higher afterload = lower length of contraction

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difficulty chewing and ptosis

myasthenia gravis (associated with thymoma)

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labs in DKA

high glucose (no insulin)
high potassium (no insulin to drive into cell)
low sodium (glucose over as osmolar molecule)

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pseudohypoparathyroidism

due to end organ resistance to PTH (low calcium and high PTH)

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endocrine disease with lymphoid germinal centers

hashimotos thyroiditis

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insulin levels in insulin resistence

high (more is secreted due to high levels of glucose)

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most common cause of microcytic anemia

iron deficiency (which can cause reduced taste, burning in mouth and lip dryness)

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cadherins

present in adherens junctions and desmosomes

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structure most at risk in PCL injury

popliteal artery

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atopic dermatitis

same as eczema (atopic = nothing touched it)

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composition of sweat

hypotonic, low in bicarb

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COL1A1

osteogenesis imperfecta

FMR1

Fragile X

red saffarin O

stains cartilage, mast cell granules and mucin red

muscles of layrnx innervation

all by recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid (external laryngeal nerve)

skin callus increase layer

stratum coneum

globus sensation

feeling that something is in the throat, worse with saliva, psych disorder

high acid in duodenum causes....

bicarb rich pancreatic secretion (increase in acid production from food in stomach)

high flow rates in pacreatic secretion

high in bicarb, low in chloride

acanthosis nigricans indicates....

insulin resistance or GI malignancy

starting infection in PID

cervix

androgen insensitivity presentation

XY person with Tanner 5 breasts and blind end vaginal and criptorchid testes - high testosterone is converted to estrogens peripherally so breast develop

androgen binding protein

- in Sertoli cells it binds testosterone - if sertoli cells are defective, serum testosterone is normal but it will be low in testes because it leaks back out with no ABP

common complication of fibroids

bleeding during menses

leuprolide

GnRH agonist

finasteride

5 alpha reductase inhibitor (testosterone to DHT)

flutamide

androgen blocker

no need for supplementation of what in pregnancy

vitamin A, too much is teratogenic

dark urine in heme defect

acute intermittent porphyria (PBG deficiency)

B12 deficiency timeline

over years, but sensory deficits can be permanent

N-terminal peptide signal

for sending proteins to ER

acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency presenation

hypoglycemic and no ketones (can't use fatty acids to make acetyl CoA, glucose or ketones)

Kozak and Shine-Dalgarno sequences

conserved sequences in mRNA for initiation of translation

internal ribosome entry

to allow translation to continue during apoptosis

PBP type of enzyme

transpeptidase

molluscum contagiosum histology

molluscum bodies of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions made of viral particles

herpes simplex histology

ballooning multinucleated giant cells

papillomavirus histology

epidermal hyperplasia with enlarged nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolization with perinuclear halos

yellow honey crust

staph

do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

NO (and gram negatives have two membranes)

DNA virus out of nucleus

pox

RNA virus in nucleus

orthomyxo and retroviruses

most common cause of viral meningitis

enteroviruses (part of pico family)

30s subunit antibiotic

tetracycline and aminoglycosides (think of the clocks in Sketchy)

methylamine silver stain

for all fungi | - aspergillus is broomed shaped)

invariant chain of MHC

use to join alpha and beta chains, in degraded after it is brought to membrane

infliximab

anti TNF alpha

imatinib

inhibits BCR-ABL

standard error

measure of variability from a mean

DNA ladder

marker of apoptosis

pleiotropy

one gene causes many phenotypic effects

allelic heterogeneity

different mutation on same gene cause same phenotype

polygenic disorder

multiple unrelated genes cause same disease

sweating autonomic

sympathetic function that uses acetylcholine as a trasmitter

microscopic types of bone

woven and lamellar

Gq vs Gs

``` q = phospholipase C, IP3, DAG, protein kinase C s = cAMP ```

HOXA13

homeobox gene for development, causes hand-foot-genital syndrome

maxiallary sinus drains to....

middle nasal meatus

3/21 Flashcards

(71 cards)