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AAA - Board by day > 3/21 > Flashcards

3/21 Flashcards

1
Q

Dandy Walker

A

hypoplasia and absence of cerebellar vermis, dilation of fourth ventricle and enlargement of posterior fossa

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2
Q

type of speech in Brocas defect

A

agrammatic, not slurred (that would be dysphagia)

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3
Q

unmyelinated nerves include…

A

autonomic postganglionic, heat sensation, slow onset dull or visceral pain, olfactory nerves

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4
Q

myelinated nerves include…..

A

motor neurons, golgi tendon neurons, pacinian corpuscles and preganglionic autonomics

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5
Q

sublmiation

A

channeling negative energy into something more acceptable

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6
Q

perforation of nasal septum

A

cocaine abuse

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7
Q

timing of acute stress disorder

A

between 3 days and one month

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8
Q

GFR after nephrectomy

A

gets cut in half then increases to 80% (remember GFR is amount filtered per unit time)

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9
Q

pathophys of ARDS

A

injury to alveolar pneumocytes and pulmonary endothelium, accelerated by neutrophils

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10
Q

drugs associated with pulmonary fibrosis

A

amiodarone, methotrexate, bleomycin and nitrofuratoin

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11
Q

COX inhibitors and asthma

A

they make it worse because pathway gets shunted to leukotrienes

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12
Q

blood agents used in acute coronary syndrome vs valve/afib

A

ACS = antiplatelets

valve and afib = warfarin

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13
Q

heart defect in DiGeorge

A

truncus arteriosus

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14
Q

afterload effect on muscles

A

higher afterload = lower length of contraction

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15
Q

difficulty chewing and ptosis

A

myasthenia gravis (associated with thymoma)

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16
Q

labs in DKA

A
  • high glucose (no insulin)
  • high potassium (no insulin to drive into cell)
  • low sodium (glucose over as osmolar molecule)
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17
Q

pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

due to end organ resistance to PTH (low calcium and high PTH)

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18
Q

endocrine disease with lymphoid germinal centers

A

hashimotos thyroiditis

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19
Q

insulin levels in insulin resistence

A

high (more is secreted due to high levels of glucose)

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20
Q

most common cause of microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency (which can cause reduced taste, burning in mouth and lip dryness)

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21
Q

cadherins

A

present in adherens junctions and desmosomes

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22
Q

structure most at risk in PCL injury

A

popliteal artery

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23
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

same as eczema (atopic = nothing touched it)

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24
Q

composition of sweat

A

hypotonic, low in bicarb

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25
Q

COL1A1

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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26
Q

FMR1

A

Fragile X

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27
Q

red saffarin O

A

stains cartilage, mast cell granules and mucin red

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28
Q

muscles of layrnx innervation

A

all by recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid (external laryngeal nerve)

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29
Q

skin callus increase layer

A

stratum coneum

30
Q

globus sensation

A

feeling that something is in the throat, worse with saliva, psych disorder

31
Q

high acid in duodenum causes….

A

bicarb rich pancreatic secretion (increase in acid production from food in stomach)

32
Q

high flow rates in pacreatic secretion

A

high in bicarb, low in chloride

33
Q

acanthosis nigricans indicates….

A

insulin resistance or GI malignancy

34
Q

starting infection in PID

A

cervix

35
Q

androgen insensitivity presentation

A

XY person with Tanner 5 breasts and blind end vaginal and criptorchid testes
- high testosterone is converted to estrogens peripherally so breast develop

36
Q

androgen binding protein

A
  • in Sertoli cells it binds testosterone
  • if sertoli cells are defective, serum testosterone is normal but it will be low in testes because it leaks back out with no ABP
37
Q

common complication of fibroids

A

bleeding during menses

38
Q

leuprolide

A

GnRH agonist

39
Q

finasteride

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitor (testosterone to DHT)

40
Q

flutamide

A

androgen blocker

41
Q

no need for supplementation of what in pregnancy

A

vitamin A, too much is teratogenic

42
Q

dark urine in heme defect

A

acute intermittent porphyria (PBG deficiency)

43
Q

B12 deficiency timeline

A

over years, but sensory deficits can be permanent

44
Q

N-terminal peptide signal

A

for sending proteins to ER

45
Q

acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency presenation

A

hypoglycemic and no ketones (can’t use fatty acids to make acetyl CoA, glucose or ketones)

46
Q

Kozak and Shine-Dalgarno sequences

A

conserved sequences in mRNA for initiation of translation

47
Q

internal ribosome entry

A

to allow translation to continue during apoptosis

48
Q

PBP type of enzyme

A

transpeptidase

49
Q

molluscum contagiosum histology

A

molluscum bodies of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions made of viral particles

50
Q

herpes simplex histology

A

ballooning multinucleated giant cells

51
Q

papillomavirus histology

A

epidermal hyperplasia with enlarged nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolization with perinuclear halos

52
Q

yellow honey crust

A

staph

53
Q

do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

A

NO (and gram negatives have two membranes)

54
Q

DNA virus out of nucleus

A

pox

55
Q

RNA virus in nucleus

A

orthomyxo and retroviruses

56
Q

most common cause of viral meningitis

A

enteroviruses (part of pico family)

57
Q

30s subunit antibiotic

A

tetracycline and aminoglycosides (think of the clocks in Sketchy)

58
Q

methylamine silver stain

A

for all fungi

- aspergillus is broomed shaped)

59
Q

invariant chain of MHC

A

use to join alpha and beta chains, in degraded after it is brought to membrane

60
Q

infliximab

A

anti TNF alpha

61
Q

imatinib

A

inhibits BCR-ABL

62
Q

standard error

A

measure of variability from a mean

63
Q

DNA ladder

A

marker of apoptosis

64
Q

pleiotropy

A

one gene causes many phenotypic effects

65
Q

allelic heterogeneity

A

different mutation on same gene cause same phenotype

66
Q

polygenic disorder

A

multiple unrelated genes cause same disease

67
Q

sweating autonomic

A

sympathetic function that uses acetylcholine as a trasmitter

68
Q

microscopic types of bone

A

woven and lamellar

69
Q

Gq vs Gs

A 
q = phospholipase C, IP3, DAG, protein kinase C
s = cAMP
70
Q

HOXA13

A

homeobox gene for development, causes hand-foot-genital syndrome

71
Q

maxiallary sinus drains to….

A

middle nasal meatus

AAA - Board by day (28 decks)

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